Chapter 8 medical terms

Question 1

Aerophagia

Answer 1

is the excessive swallowing of air while eating or drinking and is a common cause of gas in the stomach

Question 2

Anastomosis

Answer 2

surgical connection between two hollow, or tubular, structures

Question 3

Antiemetic

Answer 3

medication that is administered to prevent or relieve nausea and vomiting

Question 4

Ascites

Answer 4

abnormal accumulation of serous fluid in the peritoneal cavity

Question 5

Bariatrics

Answer 5

the branch of medicine concerned with the prevention and management of obesity and associated diseases

Question 6

Borborygmus

Answer 6

the rumbling noise caused by the movement of gas in the intestine

Question 7

Cachexia

Answer 7

a condition of physical wasting away due to the loss of weight and muscle mass that occurs in patients with diseases such as advanced cancer or AIDS

Question 8

Canker sores

Answer 8

Aka aphthous ulcers, are gray-white pits with a red border in the soft tissues lining the mouth

Question 9

Celiac disease

Answer 9

An autoimmune disorder characterized by a severe reaction to ingesting gluten

Question 10

Cheilitis

Answer 10

Aka cheilosis, is inflammation of the lips characterized by crack-like sores at the corners of the mouth

Question 11

Cholangiography

Answer 11

is a radiographic examination of the bile ducts with the use of a contrast medium

Question 12

Cholangitis

Answer 12

an acute inflammation of the bile ducts characterized by pain in the right upper quadrant of the abdomen, fever, and jaundice

Question 13

Cholecystectomy

Answer 13

the surgical removal of the gallbladder which is not necessary for survival

Question 14

Cholecystitis

Answer 14

the inflammation of the gallbladder, usually associated with gallstones blocking the flow of bile

Question 15

Cholelithiasis

Answer 15

is the presence of gallstones in the gallbladder or bile ducts

Question 16

Cirrhosis

Answer 16

chronic degenerative disease of the liver characterized by scarring

Question 17

Colonoscopy

Answer 17

is the direct visual examination of the inner surface of the entire colon from the rectum to the cecum using a colonoscope

Question 18

Colostomy

Answer 18

the surgical creation of artificial excretory opening between the colon and the body surface

Question 19

Crohn’s disease

Answer 19

(CD) is a chronic autoimmune disorder that can occur anywhere in the digestive tract; however, it is most often found in the ileum and in the colon

Question 20

Dental prophylaxis

Answer 20

professional examining, cleaning, and polishing of the gums and teeth to remove plaque and tartar

Question 21

Diverticulitis

Answer 21

sometimes develops as a result of diverticulosis, is the inflammation or infection of one or more diverticulum in the colon

Question 22

Diverticulosis

Answer 22

is the chronic presence of an abnormal number of diverticula, or sacs, formed in weak spots of the colon wall

Question 23

Dysphagia

Answer 23

difficulty in swallowing

Question 24

Endoscopy

Answer 24

visual examination of internal structures

Question 25

Enema

Answer 25

is the placement of a solution into the rectum and colon to empty the lower intestine through bowel activity

Question 26

Enteritis

Answer 26

is an inflammation of the small intestine caused by ingesting substances contaminated with viral or bacterial pathogens which causes diarrhea

Question 27

Eructation

Answer 27

the act of belching or raising gas orally from the stomach

Question 28

Esophageal varices

Answer 28

enlarged and swollen veins at the lower end of the esophagus

Question 29

Esophagogastroduodenoscopy

Answer 29

(EGD) is an endoscopic procedure that allows direct visualization of the upper GI tract

Question 30

Gastroduodenostomy

Answer 30

is the establishment of an anastomosis between the upper portion of the stomach and the duodenum

Question 31

Gastroesophageal reflux disease

Answer 31

(GERD) is the upward flow of acid from the stomach into the esophagus

Question 32

Gastroparesis

Answer 32

is a condition in which gastric mobility slows down, causing delayed gastric emptying

Question 33

Gastrostomy tube

Answer 33

is a surgically placed feeding tube from the exterior of the body on the abdomen, directly into the stomach

Question 34

Hematemesis

Answer 34

is the vomiting of coagulated blood

Question 35

Hemoccult test

Answer 35

Aka fecal occult blood test, is a laboratory test for hidden blood in the stool

Question 36

Hepatitis

Answer 36

an inflammation of the liver usually caused by a viral infection

Question 37

Hiatal Hernia

Answer 37

is an anatomical abnormality in which a portion of the stomach protrudes upward into the chest, through an opening in the diaphragm

Question 38

Hyperemesis

Answer 38

is extreme, persistent vomiting that can cause dehydration

Question 39

Ileus

Answer 39

is the partial or complete blockage of the small or large intestine. Also known as paralytic ileus

Question 40

Inguinal Hernia

Answer 40

is the protrusion of a small loop of bowel through a weak place in the lower abdominal wall or groin

Question 41

Jaundice

Answer 41

is a yellow discoloration of the skin, mucous membranes, and eyes. This condition is caused by greater-than-normal amounts of bilirubin in the blood

Question 42

Leukoplakia

Answer 42

an abnormal white, usually benign lesion (sore) that develops on the tongue or the inside of the cheeks

Question 43

Malocclusion

Answer 43

any deviation from the normal positioning of the upper teeth against the lower teeth

Question 44

Melena

Answer 44

in contrast to hematochezia, is the passage of black, tarry, foul-smelling stools. Often indicates bleeding in the upper part of the gastrointestinal tract

Question 45

Nasogastric intubation

Answer 45

is the placement of a nasogastric feeding tube (NG tube) through the nose and into the stomach

Question 46

Obesity

Answer 46

weight classifications based on BMI that are higher than a healthy weight for someone based on their height, gender, and age

Question 47

Palatoplasty

Answer 47

surgical repair of a cleft palate, also used to refer to the repair of a cleft lip

Question 48

Peptic ulcer disease

Answer 48

(PUD) is characterized by sores that affect the mucous membranes of the digestive system

Question 49

Peristalsis

Answer 49

is a series of wave-like contractions of the smooth muscles in a single directions that moves the food forward into the digestive system

Question 50

Polyp

Answer 50

is a mushroom-like growth from the surface of a mucous membrane. Not all polyps are malignant

Question 51

Proctologist

Answer 51

is a physician who specializes in disorders of the colon, rectum, and anus

Question 52

Regurgitation

Answer 52

is the return of swallowed food into the mouth

Question 53

Salmonellosis

Answer 53

also referred to as Salmonella, is transmitted by feces, either through direct contact with animals, or by eating contaminated raw or undercooked meat, poultry, seafood, and eggs or unpasteurized milk products

Question 54

Sigmoidoscopy

Answer 54

is the endoscopic examination of the interior of the rectum, sigmoid colon, and possibly a portion of the descending colon

Question 55

Stomatitis

Answer 55

is an inflammation of the mucosa of the mouth

Question 56

Trismus

Answer 56

also known as lockjaw, describes any restriction to the opening of the mouth caused by trauma, surgery, or radiation

Question 57

Ulcerative colitis

Answer 57

is a chronic condition of unknown cause in which repeated episodes of inflammation in the rectum and large intestine cause ulcers and irritation

Question 58

Volvulus

Answer 58

is the twisting of the intestine on itself, causing an obstruction

Question 59

Xerostomia

Answer 59

also known as dry mouth, is the lack of adequate saliva due to diminished secretions by the salivary glands