Chapter 9 medical terms

Question 1

Ablation

Answer 1

term used to described some types of treatment of prostate cancer

Question 2

Acute renal failure

Answer 2

(ARF) has sudden onset and is characterized by uremia. It can be fatal if not reversed promptly

Question 3

Anuria

Answer 3

is the absence of urine formation by the kidneys

Question 4

Benign Prostatic hyperplasia

Answer 4

(BPH) AKA enlarged prostate, is an enlargement of the prostate gland that most often occurs in men older than age 50

Question 5

Chronic Kidney disease

Answer 5

(CKD) is the progressive loss of renal function over months or years. Can be life-threatening, may result from diabetes mellitus, hypertension, or a family history of kidney disease

Question 6

Cystitis

Answer 6

inflammation of the bladder

Question 7

Cystocele

Answer 7

AKA prolapsed bladder, is the hernia of the bladder through the vaginal wall

Question 8

Cystolith

Answer 8

is a stone located within the urinary bladder

Question 9

Cystoscopy

Answer 9

is the visual examination of the urinary bladder with the use of a specialized type of endoscope

Question 10

Dialysis

Answer 10

is a procedure to remove waste products, such as urea, creatinine, and excess water from the blood of a patient whose kidneys no longer function

Question 11

Diuresis

Answer 11

is the increased output of urine

Question 12

Dysuria

Answer 12

is difficult or painful urination

Question 13

Ectopic kidney

Answer 13

is a congenital condition in which one kidney is located in an abnormal position or has fused with the other kidney

Question 14

Edema

Answer 14

is excessive fluid accumulation in body tissues that can be symptomatic of nephrotic syndrome and other kidney diseases

Question 15

End-Stage Renal Disease

Answer 15

(ESRD) also known as kidney failure, is the final stage of chronic kidney disease, and this condition is fatal unless the functions of the failed kidneys are replaced by dialysis, or with a successful kidney transplant

Question 16

Epispadias

Answer 16

is a congenital abnormality of the urethral opening

Question 17

Extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy

Answer 17

(ESWL) is the most common kidney stone treatment. High-energy ultrasonic waves traveling through water or gel are used to break the stone into fragments, which are then excreted in the urine

Question 18

Glomerulonephritis

Answer 18

is a type of nephritis caused by inflammation of the glomeruli that caused red blood cells and protein to leak into the urine

Question 19

Hemodialysis

Answer 19

is the process by which waste products are filtered directly from the patient’s blood

Question 20

Hydronephrosis

Answer 20

is the dilation (swelling) of one or both kidneys

Question 21

Hydroureter

Answer 21

is the distention (swelling)of the ureter with urine that cannot flow because of a ureteral obstruction

Question 22

Hyperproteinuria

Answer 22

is the presence of abnormally high concentration of protein in the urine

Question 23

Hypoproteinemia

Answer 23

is the presence of abnormally low concentrations of protein in the blood

Question 24

Hypospadias

Answer 24

is a congenital abnormality of the urethral opening. (under or below)

Question 25

Incontinence

Answer 25

is the inability to control the excretion of urine, feces, or both

Question 26

Interstitial cystitis

Answer 26

is a chronic inflammation within the walls of the bladder

Question 27

Intravenous Pyelogram

Answer 27

(IVP) is a set of c-ray images of the kidneys, ureters, and bladder using an intravenous contrast medium to clearly visualize the structures

Question 28

Nephrolith

Answer 28

AKA kidney stone or renal calculus, is found in the kidney

Question 29

Nephrolithiasis

Answer 29

describes the presence of stones in the kidney

Question 30

Nephrolysis

Answer 30

is the surgical freeing of a kidney from adhesions

Question 31

Nephrons

Answer 31

are the microscopic functional units of each kidney. It is here that urine is produced through the processes of filtration, reabsorption, and secretion

Question 32

Nephropathy

Answer 32

means any disease of the kidney

Question 33

Nephrostomy

Answer 33

is the placement of a catheter to maintain an opening from the pelvis of one or both kidneys to the exterior of the body

Question 34

Nephrotic syndrome

Answer 34

also known as nephrosis, is a group of conditions in which excessive amounts of protein are lost through the urine

Question 35

Neurogenic bladder

Answer 35

is a urinary problem caused by interference with the normal nerve pathways associated with urination

Question 36

Nocturia

Answer 36

frequent and excessive urination during the night

Question 37

Nocturnal enuresis

Answer 37

is urinary incontinence during sleep AKA bed-wetting

Question 38

Oliguria

Answer 38

scanty urination. Caused by dehydration, renal failure, or a urinary tract obstruction

Question 39

Percutaneous nephrolithotomy

Answer 39

(PCNL) is the surgical removal of a nephrolith through a small incision in the back

Question 40

Peritoneal dialysis

Answer 40

the lining of the peritoneal cavity acts as a filter to remove waste from the blood

Question 41

Polycystic kidney disease

Answer 41

(PKD) is a genetic disorder characterized by the growth of numerous fluid-filled cysts in the kidneys

Question 42

Polyuria

Answer 42

means excessive urination and is a common symptom of diabetes

Question 43

Prostatism

Answer 43

is a disorder resulting from the compression or obstruction of the urethra due to benign prostatic hyperplasia

Question 44

Pyelonephritis

Answer 44

is an inflammation of both the renal pelvis and kidney

Question 45

Pyelotomy

Answer 45

is a surgical incision into the renal pelvis

Question 46

Renal Colic

Answer 46

is an acute pain in the kidney area that is caused by blockage during the passage of a nephrolith

Question 47

Suprapubic Catheterization

Answer 47

is the placement of a catheter into the bladder through a small incision made through the abdominal wall just above the pubic bone

Question 48

Transurethral prostatectomy

Answer 48

is the removal of excess tissue from an enlarged prostate gland with the use of a resectoscope

Question 49

Uremia

Answer 49

AKA uremic poisoning, is a toxic condition resulting from renal failure in which kidney function is compromised and urea and other waste products normally secreted in the urine are retained in the blood

Question 50

Ureterolith

Answer 50

is a stone located anywhere along the ureter

Question 51

Ureterorrhagia

Answer 51

is the discharge of blood from the ureter

Question 52

Urethritis

Answer 52

is an inflammation of the urethra

Question 53

Urethroplasty

Answer 53

is the surgical repair of damage or a defect in the walls of the urethra

Question 54

Urethrorrhagia

Answer 54

is bleeding from the urethra

Question 55

Urethrostenosis

Answer 55

or urethral stricture, is narrowing of the urethra. This condition occurs almost exclusively in men and is caused by scarring from infection or injury

Question 56

Urethrotomy

Answer 56

is a surgical incision into the urethra for relief of a stricture

Question 57

Urinary Catheterization

Answer 57

AKA cathing, is the insertion of a flexible plastic tube called a catheter into the bladder to withdraw urine for diagnostic purposes, to allow urine to drain freely, or to place a fluid such as a chemotherapy solution

Question 58

Vesicovaginal Fistula

Answer 58

is an abnormal opening between the bladder and vagina that allows constant involuntary flow of urine from the bladder into the vagina

Question 59

Voiding cystourethrography

Answer 59

is a diagnostic procedure in which fluoroscopy is used to examine the flow of urine from the bladder and through the urethra

Question 60

Wilms tumor

Answer 60

AKA nephroblastoma, is a rare type of malignment tumor of the kidney that occurs in young children. There is a high cure rate for this condition when treated promptly