Chapter 3, Movement Chapter 4, Learning,Memory, and emotion Flashcards
What controls movement
Spinal cord and central nervous system
What are skeletal muscles
muscles attached to the skeleton or joints
which two words promote and oppose movement 1
agonists and antagonists
Explain in steps what makes up a motor unit
skeletel muscles have thousands of muscle cells (or muscle fibers) controlled by an alpha motor in spinal cord. Alpha motors cam control few to 100 muscle fibers. One alpha neuron and all of it’s controlled fibers = motor unit
What happens when a motor unit dies
You lose movement, ALS
What are reflexes
movements that the brain does not control but the nerve responds to
How does a knee flex work?
messages are sent to the spinal cord from stimulated sensory neurons which activates the alpha motor neurons to perform extension of both antagonists and aganists
What tendon organ detects force applied to muscle to increase precicion
Golgi tendon organs.
What are spinal circuits
They play a critical role in complex movement like walking
What is essential for voluntary movements and why
The motor cortex which activates alpha motor neurons in spine,
What three strucutres in the brain influence voluntary movements the most
Thalamus, Basal Ganglia, and Cerrebellum
How does the Basal Ganglia influence voluntary movements and what are the two dieseases associated with damage
Parkinsons Diseas - degenerates neurons from the substantia nigra region which connect to the basal ganglia
Huntingtons- Inhibitory neurons in basal ganglia are damaged producing involuntary movements
How does theC Cerebellum influence voluntary movements and what happens when damage
Inputs are received here allowing for smooth movement. It also adjusts to changing body and unexpected movements. Damage will cause less coordination, speech, and balance
What structure influences short term memory into long term memory
Hippocampus
What lobe focuses most on memory
Temporal Lobe
