Chapter 3: Neurophysiology

Question 1

Which of the following presynaptic events are presented in correct chronological order?

a. Calcium ion influx, action potential reaches axon terminal, vesicles fuse with membrane, diffusion of neurotransmitter
b. Vesicles fuse with membrane, calcium ion influx, action potential reaches axon terminal, membrane depolarization
c. Action potential reaches axon terminal, calcium ion channels open, vesicles fuse with membrane, diffusion of neurotransmitter
d. Action potential reaches axon terminal, calcium ion channels open, neurotransmitter diffusion, vesicles fuse with membrane

Answer 1

c. Action potential reaches axon terminal, calcium ion channels open, vesicles fuse with membrane, diffusion of neurotransmitter

Question 2

Upon reaching the threshold for an action potential, the next step in its generation is the opening of _______ channels.

Answer 2

Na+

Question 3

The greater the influx of calcium into the presynaptic axon terminal, the greater the __________.

Answer 3

release of neurotransmitter.

Question 4

Postsynaptic potentials are a type of _____ _______.

Answer 4

graded potential

Question 5

In the extracellular or intracellular fluid, which of the following is an anion?

Answer 5

c. Chloride

Question 6

The _______ ________ period refers to the brief period of time after a neuron has fired an _______ _______ during which the same neuron cannot fire another action potential.

Answer 6

absolute refractory

action potential

Question 7

The term “hyperpolarization” refers to an increase in _______ ________, away from 0 mV.

Answer 7

membrane potential

Question 8

At the peak of the action potential, the axonal membrane approaches the equilibrium potential for ___.

Answer 8

Na+

Question 9

A ______ of the acetylcholine receptor is a substance that binds to it.

Answer 9

ligand

Question 10

Norepinephrine and dopamine are examples of transmitters whose synaptic activity is terminated by _______.

Answer 10

reuptake

Question 11

The ______ ______ potential is partially established by the uneven distribution of ____ across the membrane.

Answer 11

resting membrane

ions

Question 12

The study of processes within neurons, which are specialized to use electrical signals for communication.

Answer 12

Neurophysiology

Question 13

The membrane of a neuron has slective permeability and and allows only __ ions through this channel.

Answer 13

K

Question 14

The sodium potassium pumps pump __ Na out of cell for every __ K ions pumped in.

Answer 14

3,2

Question 15

Action potentials arise initially at the axon ________.

Answer 15

hillock

Question 16

when depolarization reaches threshold __ channels open.

Answer 16

Na

Question 17

Summation of potentials originating from different physical locations across the cell body.

Answer 17

Spatial summation

Question 18

Summation of postsynaptic potentials that reach the axon hillock at different times

Answer 18

Temporal summation

Question 19

Molecules that act like a transmitter at a receptor

Answer 19

Agonists

Question 20

Molecules that interfere with or prevent the action of a transmitter

Answer 20

Antagonists

Question 21

Cells that use ACh as their synaptic transmitter

Answer 21

Cholinergic

Question 22

Bungalow Oxon and curare block ___ receptors

Answer 22

ACh

Question 23

Aka ligand gated ion channel. A receptor protein containing an ion channel that opens when the receptor is bound by an agonists.

Answer 23

Ionotropic receptor

Question 24

Receptors not containing ion channels. Use second messengers to cause changes.

Answer 24

Metabotrpoic receptors

Question 25

5 qualifiers to be a neurotransmitter

Answer 25

``` Synthesized Released Recognized Changes If blocked interferes ```

Question 26

6 Amine transmitters

Answer 26

ACh, NE, Epinephrine, DA, serotonin, melatonin

Question 27

4 Amino acid transmitters

Answer 27

GABA, glutamate, glycine, histamine

Question 28

6 Neuropeptide transmitters

Answer 28

``` Endogenous opiods Oxytocin Substance p CCK Vasopressin Neuropeptide y ```