Chapter 3 Notecards

Question 1

physiological needs

Answer 1

needs that relate to the processes and activities that keep living things alive

Question 2

psychosocial needs

Answer 2

needs that involve social interaction, emotions, intellect, and spirituality

Question 3

masturbation

Answer 3

to touch or rub sexual organs in order to give oneself or another person sexual pleasure

Question 4

holistic care

Answer 4

a type of care that involves caring for the whole person—the mind as well as the body

Question 5

cultural diversity

Answer 5

the different groups of people with varied backgrounds and experiences who live together in the world

Question 6

bias

Answer 6

prejudice

Question 7

race

Answer 7

grouping of people based on physical characteristics shared by people with common ancestry

Question 8

ethnicity

Answer 8

one aspect of a person’s identity, often reflecting a combination of race, culture, language, nationality, and other factors

Question 9

cognitive

Answer 9

related to thinking and learning

Question 10

ageism

Answer 10

prejudice toward, stereotyping of, and/or discrimination against older persons or the elderly

Question 11

developmental disabilities

Answer 11

disabilities that are present at birth or emerge during childhood up to age 22 that restrict physical and/or mental ability.

Question 12

depression

Answer 12

type of mood disorder that causes pain, fatigue, apathy, sadness, irritability, anxiety, sleeplessness, and loss of appetite as well as other symptoms; also called major depressive disorder or clinical depression.

Question 13

apathy

Answer 13

a lack of interest in activities

Question 14

bipolar disorder

Answer 14

a mental health disorder that causes a person to swing from periods of deep depression (a depressive episode) to periods of extreme activity (a manic episode).

Question 15

anxiety

Answer 15

uneasiness, worry, or fear, often about a situation or condition

Question 16

generalized anxiety disorder (GAD)

Answer 16

an anxiety disorder that is characterized by anxiety and worry, even when there is no cause for those feelings.

Question 17

panic disorder

Answer 17

a disorder characterized by a person having regular panic attacks or living with constant anxiety about having another attack.

Question 18

social anxiety disorder

Answer 18

a disorder in which a person has excessive anxiety about social situations.

Question 19

phobia

Answer 19

an intense irrational fear of or anxiety about an object, place, or situation

Question 20

obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD)

Answer 20

an anxiety disorder characterized by obsessive behavior or thoughts which may cause the person to repeatedly perform a behavior or routine.

Question 21

post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)

Answer 21

an anxiety disorder caused by experiencing or witnessing a traumatic experience

Question 22

schizophrenia

Answer 22

a type of psychotic disorder that causes problems with thinking, communication, and the ability to manage emotions, make decisions, and understand reality

Question 23

hallucinations

Answer 23

false or distorted sensory perceptions.

Question 24

delusions

Answer 24

persistent false beliefs.

Question 25

psychotherapy

Answer 25

a method of treating mental health disorders that involves talking about one’s problems with mental health professionals.

Question 26

cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT)

Answer 26

a type of psychotherapy that is often used to treat anxiety disorders and depression and focuses on skills and solutions that a person can use to modify negative thinking and behavior patterns.

Question 27

terminal illness

Answer 27

a disease or condition that will eventually cause death.

Question 28

grief

Answer 28

deep distress or sorrow over a loss

Question 29

advance directives

Answer 29

legal documents that allow people to choose what medical care they wish to have if they are unable to make those decisions themselves

Question 30

living will

Answer 30

a document that outlines the medical care a person wants, or does not want, in case she becomes unable to make those decisions

Question 31

durable power of attorney for health care

Answer 31

a signed, dated, and witnessed legal document that appoints someone else to make the medical decisions for a person in the event he or she becomes unable to do so.

Question 32

do-not-resuscitate (DNR)

Answer 32

a medical order that instructs medical professionals not to perform cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) in the event of cardiac or respiratory arrest

Question 33

Cheyne-Stokes

Answer 33

alternating periods of slow, irregular breathing and rapid, shallow breathing, along with periods of not breathing

Question 34

postmortem care

Answer 34

care of the body after death.

Question 35

hospice care

Answer 35

holistic, compassionate care given to people who have approximately six months or less to live

Question 36

palliative care

Answer 36

care given to people who have serious diseases or who are dying that emphasizes relieving pain, controlling symptoms, and preventing side effects