chapter 3 notes

Question 1

receptor cells process senses into ____ for the brain

Answer 1

neural signals

Question 2

sensation depends on the characteristics of the stimulus, the background stimulation, and the detector.

Answer 2

signal detection theory

Question 3

loss of responsiveness in receptor cells after stimulation has remained unchanged for a while, as when a swimmer becomes adapted to the temperature of the water

Answer 3

sensory adaptation

Question 4

photoreceptros in the retina that are especially sensitive to dim light but not to colors.

Answer 4

rods

Question 5

light sensitive cells in the retina that convert light energy to neural impulses.

Answer 5

photoreceptors

Question 6

photoreceptors in the retina that are epecially sensitive to colors but not to dim light

Answer 6

cones

Question 7

the bundle of neurons that carries visual infromation from the retina to the brain

Answer 7

optic nerve

Question 8

the point where the optic nerve exits the eye and where there are no photoreceptors.

Answer 8

blind spot

Question 9

a sensation caused by the intensity (amplitude) of light waves

Answer 9

brightness

Question 10

the entire range of electromagentic energy, including radio waves, etc.

Answer 10

electromagnetic spectrum

Question 11

the tiny part of the electromagnetic spectrum to which our eyes are sensitive

Answer 11

visible spectrum

Question 12

sensations that linger after the stimulus is removed. usually in negative (reversed colors)

Answer 12

afterimages

Question 13

the idea that colrs are sensed by three different types of cones sensitive to light in the red, blue, and green wavelenths.

Answer 13

trichromatic theory

Question 14

the idea that cells in the visual systems process colors in complementary pairs

Answer 14

opponent process theory

Question 15

a genetic disorder that prevents an individual from discriminating certain colors.

Answer 15

color blindness

Question 16

most commmon color blindness

Answer 16

red-green

Question 17

the number of cycles completed by a wave in a second

Answer 17

frequency

Question 18

the physical strength of a wave. this is shown on graphs as the height of the wave

Answer 18

amplitude

Question 19

tympanic membrane

Answer 19

the eardrum

Question 20

part of ear where piercings are

Answer 20

pinna

Question 21

the ossicle bones or bones of the middle ear consist of

Answer 21

the hammer, anvil, and stirrup

Question 22

the primary organ of hearing. a coiled tube in the inner ear

Answer 22

cochlea

Question 23

what converts the vibrations in the ear to neural messages

Answer 23

basilar membranee

Question 24

a thin strip of tissue sensitive to vibrations in the cochlea. This contains hair cells connected to the neurons.

Answer 24

basilar membrane

Question 25

describe the passage of hearing

Answer 25

eardrum- cochlea- basilar membrane- auditory nerve- brain

Question 26

a sensory characteristic of sound productd by the amplitiude of the sound wave

Answer 26

loudness

Question 27

chemical signals released by organisms to communicate with other members of their species.

Answer 27

pheromones

Question 28

the sense of smell

Answer 28

olfaction

Question 29

the sense of taste

Answer 29

gustation

Question 30

flavor is comrpised of

Answer 30

taste and scent

Question 31

list the 7 senses

Answer 31

``` vision hearing skin senses tase pain kinesthetic and vestibular ```

Question 32

stimulus for vision

Answer 32

light waves

Question 33

sense organ for vision

Answer 33

eye

Question 34

receptor for vision

Answer 34

rods and cones

Question 35

sensation of vision

Answer 35

colors, brightness, patterns, motion, textures

Question 36

stimulus of hearing

Answer 36

sound waves

Question 37

sense organ for hearing

Answer 37

ear

Question 38

receptor of hearing

Answer 38

hair cells of the basilar membrane

Question 39

sensation of hearing

Answer 39

pitch, loudness, timbre

Question 40

stimulus for skin senses

Answer 40

exteranl contact

Question 41

sense organ for skin senses

Answer 41

skin

Question 42

stimulus for smell

Answer 42

volatile substances

Question 43

stimulus for taste

Answer 43

soluble substances

Question 44

stimulus for pain

Answer 44

many intense or extreme stimuli; temperature, chemicals, mechanical, stimuli

Question 45

sense organ for pain

Answer 45

net of pain fibers all over the body

Question 46

stimulus for kinesthetic and vestibular sense

Answer 46

body position, movmeent and balnace

Question 47

sense organ for kinesthetic and vestibular sense

Answer 47

semicircular canals, skeletal muscles, joins, tendons

Question 48

human range of frequency

Answer 48

20 hz - 20,000h z

Question 49

cats have a range of frequency to how many hertz

Answer 49

64,000

Question 50

sound intensity or loudness

Answer 50

decibel

Question 51

how much decibels is a soft whisper

Answer 51

20db

Question 52

a concert or plane can result in potential damage to one's

Answer 52

hearing

Question 53

hearing is ___

Answer 53

bilateral

Question 54

destination for auditory messages

Answer 54

temporal obe

Question 55

results from damage of hair cells in corti= the constant buzzing sound

Answer 55

tinnitus

Question 56

which gender has better smell

Answer 56

female

Question 57

complete loss of smell

Answer 57

anosmia

Question 58

smell can be used for

Answer 58

agressive or territorial signals

Question 59

the 5th taste is

Answer 59

umani

Question 60

taste msg and proteins

Answer 60

umani