chapter 7 notes from the book

Question 1

capacity of an infant that is inborn or biolgically based

Answer 1

innate ability

Question 2

the developmental period before birth

Answer 2

prenatal period

Question 3

a fertilized egg

Answer 3

zygote

Question 4

in humnas, the name for the devloping organism during the first 8 weeks after conception

Answer 4

embryo

Question 5

term for the developing organism between the embryonic stage and birth

Answer 5

fetus

Question 6

the organ interface between the embryo or fetus and the mother. the______ separates the bloodstreams, but it allows the exchange of nutrients and waste products

Answer 6

placenta

Question 7

substances from the environment, including viruses, drugs, and other chemicals, that can damage the developing organism during the prenatal period

Answer 7

teratogen

Question 8

common teratogens

Answer 8

nicotine and alcohol

Question 9

a set of physial and mental problems seen in children whose mothers drink excessive amounts of alcohol during pregnancy

Answer 9

Fetal alcohol syndrome

Question 10

in humans, thiss period extends through the first month of birth

Answer 10

neonatal

Question 11

infants usually _____ other people’s actions

Answer 11

mimic

Question 12

the imitation of other people’s behaviors

Answer 12

mimicry

Question 13

the close coordination between the gazing, vocalizing, touching, and smiling of infants and caregivers

Answer 13

synchronicity

Question 14

refelexcive response present at birth

Answer 14

innate reflex

Question 15

_____ pans the time bewteen the end of the neonatal period and the establishment of language. 18 months - 2 years

Answer 15

infancy

Question 16

a primitive form of learning in which some young animals follow and form an attatchment to the first moving object they see or hear

Answer 16

imprinting

Question 17

attachment style of children who are relaxed and comfortable with their caregivers and tolerant of strangers

Answer 17

secure attachment

Question 18

a common pattern of distress seen in young children when separated from caregivers

Answer 18

separation anxiety

Question 19

child wants contact with caregiver, shows distress when separated from caregiver, and is difficult to console when the caregiver is back

Answer 19

anxious ambivalent attachment

Question 20

child shows no intrest in contact with the caregiver and is neither distress when separated or happiness when reunited

Answer 20

avoidant attachment

Question 21

the production of repetitive syllables

Answer 21

babbling

Question 22

a meaningful unit of language that makes up words. some whole words are ______

Answer 22

morphemes

Question 23

example of a morpheme

Answer 23

word

Question 24

the global term for the development of thought process from childhood trhough adulthood

Answer 24

cognitive devlopment

Question 25

piaget made a _____ stage process over cognitive devlopment

Answer 25

4

Question 26

a mental process that incorporates new information into existing schemas

Answer 26

assimilation

Question 27

a mental process that modifies schemas in order to include or accomade new information

Answer 27

accomodation

Question 28

4 stages of piaget's theory

Answer 28

sensorimotor stage preoperational stage concrete operational stage formal operational stage

Question 29

the ability to ofrm mmetnal images of objects and events

Answer 29

mental representation

Question 30

the inability to realize that there are other viewpoints besides one's own

Answer 30

egocentrism

Question 31

the knoledge that objects exist independently of one's actions or awareness

Answer 31

object permanence

Question 32

an individual's characteristic manner of behavior or reation

Answer 32

temperament

Question 33

the lifelong processo f shaping an indiviuals values based on society

Answer 33

socialization

Question 34

in erikson's theory, ____ is the major development task of the second stage in childhood. achieving ____ involves developing a sense of independence, as opposed to being plagued by self-doubt

Answer 34

autonomy

Question 35

the 3 main branches of kohlbergs moral reasoning

Answer 35

preconventional convetional post conventional

Question 36

kohlbergs moral reasoning stage of preconventional consists of

Answer 36

avoiding pain/ getting caught | mutual benefit

Question 37

kohlbergs moral reasoning stage of conventional conssits of

Answer 37

gaining acceptance/ avoiding dissaproval | follow rules/ avoiding penalties

Question 38

kohlbergs moral reasoning stage of postconventional

Answer 38

promoting welfare of society | achieve justice