Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biol 2520 > Chapter 3- Only Forgeting Cards > Flashcards

Chapter 3- Only Forgeting Cards Flashcards

1
Q

Another word for chromosome

A

Coloured body given in 1880

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

When do sister chromatids separate?

A

Anaphase of mitosis

Anaphase II of meiosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Cell cycle in order

A 
G1
S phase
G2
Mitosis 
Cytokenesis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Linear DNA with 1 arm in ?

A

G1 phase
S phase
Anaphase of mitosis
Anaphase of meiosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Describe chromosomes at interphase

A

Can be highly condensed and more extended because not all are paired up
Have v specific location

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the constricted portion of each chromosome

A

Centromere

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is a constricted (central portion) of each chromosome

A

This section contains alpha satellite of nucleotide sequence of 171 repetitive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Centromere is always vondensed

A

Constitutive heterchromatin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Functions of centromere

A

Hold sisters
Bind to various proteins to facilitate cell division
Attach to kinetechors during M phase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Explain telomere region

A 
Non coding regions of chromosome at the end
Short repeated sequence 
Include specialized proteins
Forms a capped end structure
Repeat TTAGGGTTAGGGTTAGGG
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Function of telomeres

A

Binds with telomere binding proteins
Protect chromosome
Allow cells to distinguish chromosome ends from broken DNA
Prevent chromosome from fussing with one another
Attachment of DNA to nuclear scaffold

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What happens when cell shortens and reach a critical point

A

Cellular seescense by apoptosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is a telomerase

A

An RNA containing enzyme (riboneucleo protein)
It adds more nucleotide to the 3’ end of telomere
Contain RNA components and enzyme

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the function of RNA compartment in telomerase

A
  • template for synthesis of its DNA complement- reverse transcription
  • acts as a guide to attach to the telomere region
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the function of enzyme compartment in telomerase

A

Catalyst

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Where is telomerase present in

A
  • primordial germ cells
  • cancer cells
  • stem cells x although they do shorten over time
  • one celled organism
17
Q

Mutations in DNA can be spontaneous due to - - - —

A

Repressors

18
Q

What causes mutations

A

Ionizing radiation
oxidative
Physical, chemical mitogen

19
Q

4 types of structure mutation

A

Duplication - double
Translocation - exchange btw non homologous , in meisois, occurs btw homologous
Inversion - flipped
Deletion

20
Q

Affects of translation

A
  • chromosome imbalance

- gene fussion activating harmless genes to oncogenes

21
Q

Human disease related to translation

A

Chronic myelogenic leukaemia

22
Q

Explain Chronic myelogenic leukaemia

A

Reciprocal translation btw 9 and 22 gene
C - ABL - BCR - fussion gene - Philadelphia
Leads to cont stimulation of WBC

23
Q

2 way translocation

A

Reciprocal

24
Q

Ploidy of
Human ——- —
Mouse— — - -
Drosophila————

A

2n=46
2n=40
2n=80

25
Q

How are karyotypes observed

A

Isolating mitotic cells and staining the chromosome

26
Q

Karyotypes are also called

A

Painting bodies

Single stranded DNA tagged with fluorescence that hybridizes with DNA in chromosome therefore they will also light up

27
Q

What lead to evolution , explain

A

Duplication

There is 98% similarities in non coding seq of humans and chimps

28
Q

Mutation is number of chromosome is called

A

Non disjuntion

29
Q

How does non - disjunction occur

A

When chromosomes fail to separate in meiosis I and II, gametes end up with more or less chromosome affecting the zygote

30
Q

In 10,000, 800 chromosomally abnormal leads to 750 spontaneous miscarriage

A
31
Q

If more then one chromosome duplicates, it leads to miscarriage

A
32
Q

Down syndrome

A

Usually lethal other then 21 chromosome trisomy

33
Q

Hay flick lucite

A

No. Of times a normal cell divides before cell division stops

34
Q

What is the Chromosome difference btw humans and chimps

A

A fussion of no. 2 chromosomes in chimps

Humans have lot of duplications in non coding regions

35
Q

If X and Y undergo non disjunction

A

Not fatal
3rd in inactive
May be infertile

36
Q

Tellings of karyotypes

A

Sex determination in human through presence or absence of Y chromosome
No. Of chromosome in any given organism
Chromosome aberration ( weather there are abnormal no. )
Structural mutations

Cant detect Point mutation

37
Q

Disorders associated with number mutations

A

1- Turner syndrome
45 chromosome instead of 46- lack X chromosome

2- kleinfelter syndrome
47 chromosome instead of 46 - gain X chromosome

3- Down syndrome
Trisomy in chromosome number #21
Autosome

4- Edward syndrome
Trisomy in chromosome number 18

38
Q

Function of satellite DNA

A

Highly repetitive short DNA sequence

Ensure stability and protection of centromere region

Biol 2520 (16 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions