Chapter 3 part 3

Question 1

collagen

Answer 1

protein that provides a soft framework; makes up bones

Question 2

calcium

Answer 2

mineral that adds strength and hardness; makes up bones

Question 3

joint

Answer 3

point at which two or more bones are connected

Question 4

cartilage

Answer 4

lining that keeps bones from grinding against

each other

Question 5

ligaments

Answer 5

strong elastic bands of tissue that join bones to other bones

Question 6

axial skeleton

Answer 6

protects the brain, spinal cord, heart and lungs

Question 7

appendicular skeleton

Answer 7

attached to the axial skeleton through joints and muscles

Question 8

upper limb

Answer 8

arms, forearms, wrists, hands, fingers

Question 9

shoulder girdle

Answer 9

set of bones which connects to the arms on each side

Question 10

lower limb

Answer 10

hips, legs, thighs, ankles, feet and toes

Question 11

pelvic girdle

Answer 11

pelvis

Question 12

pathological fracture

Answer 12

breaks in an area that is weakened by disease such as inherited bone disorders

Question 13

stress fracture

Answer 13

common among athletes, small crack in the bone caused by overuse and repetitive motions

Question 14

closed fracture

Answer 14

broken bone doesn’t break the skin

Question 15

open fracture

Answer 15

the ends of the broken bone tear through the skin, putting the patient at a higher risk for infection

Question 16

greenstick fracture

Answer 16

the bone bends and cracks instead of breaking into pieces

Question 17

comminuted fracture

Answer 17

the bone is splintered or crushed into small pieces

Question 18

spiral fracture

Answer 18

at least one part of the bone has been twisted

Question 19

oblique fracture

Answer 19

the break occurs at an angle across the bone

Question 20

transverse fracture

Answer 20

the break occurs straight across the bone

Question 21

Colles’ fracture

Answer 21

a break of the radius bone close to the wrist that results from a fall onto an outstretched hand

Question 22

hairline fracture

Answer 22

the bone is broken onto a thin crack, hard to detect on a routine xray

Question 23

osteoarthritis or degenerative joint disease

Answer 23

wear and tear arthritis

Question 24

rheumatoid arthritis (RA)

Answer 24

bodys immune system mistakenly attacks the joints with uncontrolled inflammation

Question 25

psoriatic arthritis

Answer 25

developed autoimmune arthritis from 30% of people that have psoriasis of the skin

Question 26

systemic lupus erythematosus SLE

Answer 26

joint pain, fatigue, hair loss, sensitivity to light, fever, rash and kidney problems

Question 27

herniated disk

Answer 27

outer covering of the disk is weakened or torn and the soft inner tissue bulges out

Question 28

spondylolisthesis

Answer 28

degenerative disorder in which a lumbar vertebra slips forward onto the bone below it

Question 29

primary bone cancer

Answer 29

malignant tumor that originates in a bone and destroys healthy bone tissue

Question 30

sarcoma

Answer 30

cancers that start in bone, muscle, connective tissues, blood vessels or fat