Chapter 3 Skeletal Medical Terms

Question 1

acetabulum

Answer 1

aka hip socket; large circular cavity in each side of the pelvis that articulates with the head of the femur to form the hip joint

Question 2

allogeneic

Answer 2

originating within another

Question 3

ankylosing spondylitis

Answer 3

type of arthritis that primarily causes inflammation of the joints between the vertebrae

Question 4

arthrodesis

Answer 4

aka surgical ankylosis, surgical fushion (joining together) two bones to stiffen a joint, suck as an ankle, elbow, shoulder

Question 5

arthroscopy

Answer 5

visual examination of the internal structure of a joint

Question 6

autologous

Answer 6

originating within an individual

Question 7

avascular necrosis

Answer 7

aka osteonecrosis, area of bone tissue death caused by insufficient blood flow, often to the hip

Question 8

callus

Answer 8

forms as bulging deposit around the area of the break–this tissue eventually becomes bone. Also thickening of the skin caused by repeated rubbing

Question 9

chondromalacia

Answer 9

abnormal softening of cartilage

Question 10

comminuted fracture

Answer 10

bone is splintered or crushed. Comminuted means crushed into small pieces

Question 11

compression fracture

Answer 11

occurs when the bone is pressed together (compressed) on itself

Question 12

costochondritis

Answer 12

inflammation of the cartilage that connects a rib to the sternum

Question 13

crepitation

Answer 13

grating sound heard when the ends of a broken bone move together

Question 14

dual x-ray absorptiometry

Answer 14

low exposure radiographic measurement of the spine and hips to measure bone density

Question 15

fat embolus

Answer 15

can form when long bone is fractured due to an accident or surgery, fat cells from yellow bone marrow are released into the blood

Question 16

gout

Answer 16

inflammatory arthritis characterized by deposits of urate crystals in the joints; often the big toe

Question 17

hallux valgus

Answer 17

aka bunion abnormal enlargement of the joint at base of great toe

Question 17

hemarthrosis

Answer 17

blood within a joint

Question 18

hematopoietic

Answer 18

pertaining to the formation of blood cells

Question 19

internal fixation

Answer 19

aka open reduction internal fixation, treatment in which plate/pins placed into bone to hold pieces together

Question 20

juvenile idiopathic arthritis

Answer 20

aka juvenile rheumatoid arthritis autoimmune disorder that affects 16yrs younger, stiffness, pain, joint swelling, skin rash, fever, slowed growth, fatigue

Question 21

kyphosis

Answer 21

abnormal increase in outward curvature of the thoracic spine as viewed from the side

Question 22

laminectomy

Answer 22

surgical removal lamina or posterior position of vertebra. aka decompression surgery relieves pressure on the spinal cord by enlarging the spinal canal

Question 23

lordosis

Answer 23

abnormal increase in forward curvature of the lumbar spine

Question 24

lumbago

Answer 24

aka lower back pain, general term for pain in lumbar region of the spine

Question 25

malleolus

Answer 25

rounded bony projection on the tibia and fibula on the sides of each ankle joint

Question 26

manubrium

Answer 26

bony structure that forms the upper portion of the sternum

Question 27

metacarpals

Answer 27

five bones that form the palms of the hand

Question 28

metatarsals

Answer 28

form that part of the foot to which the ones are attached

Question 29

multiple myeloma

Answer 29

type of cancer that occurs in blood making plasma cells found in the red bone marrow

Question 30

open fracture

Answer 30

one in which the bone is broken and there is an open wound in the skin

Question 31

orthopedic surgeon

Answer 31

aka orthopedist physician who specializes in diagnosing and treating diseases and disorders involving the bones joints and muscles

Question 32

orthtotic

Answer 32

mechanical appliance, shoe insert, leg brace, or a splint, which is specially designed to support, control, correct or compensate for impaired limb function

Question 33

osteitis

Answer 33

inflammation of bone

Question 34

osteoarthritis

Answer 34

aka wear-and-tear arthritis most commonly associated with engaging

Question 35

osteochondroma

Answer 35

benign bony projection covered with cartilage

Question 36

osteomalacia

Answer 36

aka adult rickets is abnormal softening of bone in adults

Question 37

osteomyelitis

Answer 37

inflammation of the bone marrow and adjacent

Question 38

osteopenia

Answer 38

thinner-than-average bone density

Question 39

osteoporosis

Answer 39

marked loss of bone density and increase in bone porosity frequently associated w aging

Question 40

osteoporotic hip fracture

Answer 40

broken hip usually caused by weakening of the bones due to osteoporosis and can occur spontaneously or as the result of a fall

Question 41

Paget's disease

Answer 41

chronic bone disease of unknown named for Sir James Paget. Characterized abnormal breakdown of bone, usually pelvis, skull, spine, legs, followed by abnormal formation.

Question 42

Pathologic fracture

Answer 42

occurs when a bone breaks under normal strain. This is due to bones being weakened by osteoporosis or disease process such cancer.

Question 43

Percutaneous vertebroplasty

Answer 43

performed to treat osteoporosis-related compression fractures

Question 44

podiatrist

Answer 44

DP or DPM degree specializes in diagnosing and treating disorders of the foot

Question 45

polymyalgia rheumatica

Answer 45

inflammatory disorder of the muscles and joints characterized by pain and stiffness in the neck, shoulders, upper arms and hips and thighs.

Question 46

prosthesis

Answer 46

sub for diseased or missing body part as a leg that has been amputated

Question 47

radiculopathy

Answer 47

condition caused by a nerve in the spine sometimes referred to as a pinched nerve

Question 48

rheumatoid arthritis

Answer 48

chronic autoimmune disorder in which joints and some organs of other body systems are attacked

Question 49

rickets

Answer 49

deficiency disease occurring in children. Condition is characterized by defective bone growth resulting from a lack of vitamin D necessary for the body to maintain calcium and phosphorous levels in the bones

Question 50

scoliosis

Answer 50

abnormal lateral (sideways) curvature of the spine

Question 51

spina bifida

Answer 51

congenital defect that occurs during early pregnancy when the spinal canal fails to close completely around the spinal cord to protect it. Bifida - split

Question 52

spinal stenosis

Answer 52

narrowing of the spaces within the spine potentially putting pressure on the nerves and spinal cord that may cause pain

Question 53

spiral fracture

Answer 53

complete fracture in which the bone has been twisted apart

Question 54

spondylolisthesis

Answer 54

forward slipping movement of the body of one of the lower lumbar vertebrae on the vertebra or sacrum

Question 55

spondylosis

Answer 55

aka spinal osteoarthritis. degenerative disorder can caues the loss of normal spinal structure and function

Question 56

stem cell transplant

Answer 56

aka bone marrow transplant used to treat certain types of cancers like leukemia and lymphomas

Question 57

subluxation

Answer 57

partial displacement of a bone from its joint

Question 58

synovectomy

Answer 58

surgical removal of a synovial membrane from a joint usually the knee

Question 59

vertebrae

Answer 59

spinal column consists of 26 vertebrae. bony units aka vertebra, term vertebral pertaining to vertebrae