Chapter 4 Muscles Medical Terms

Question 1

abduction

Answer 1

movement of a limb (arm or leg) AWAY from the midline of the body

Question 2

adduction

Answer 2

movement of a limb (arm or leg) TOWARD the midline of the body

Question 3

adhesion

Answer 3

band of fibrous tissue that holds structures together abnormally

Question 4

ataxia

Answer 4

lack of muscle coordination during voluntary movement

Question 5

atonic

Answer 5

lacking normal muscle tone or strength

Question 6

atrophy

Answer 6

weaknesses or wearing away of body tissues and structures

Question 7

bradykinesia

Answer 7

extreme slowness in movement

Question 8

carpal tunnel syndrome

Answer 8

symptoms occur when the tendons that pass through the carpal tunnel into the hand are chronically overused and become inflamed and swolle

Question 9

chronic fatigue syndrome

Answer 9

disorder of unknown cause that affects many body systems; a debilitating and complex disorder characterized by profound fatigue that is not improved by bed rest and may be made worse by physical or mental activity

Question 10

circumduction

Answer 10

circular movement at the far end of a limb

Question 11

compartment syndrome

Answer 11

involves compression of nerves and blood vessels due to swelling within the compartment an enclosed space created by the fascia that separates groups of muscles int he arm or leg; this syndrome can be caused by trauma tight bandages or casts, or repetitive activities such as running

Question 12

contracture

Answer 12

permanent tightening of fascia, muscles, tendons, ligaments or skin that occurs when normally elastic connective tissues are replaced with nonelastic fibrous tissues

Question 13

dorsiflexion

Answer 13

movement that bends the foot upward at the ankle

Question 14

dyskinesia

Answer 14

distortion or impairment of voluntary movement resulting in fragmented or jerky motions

Question 15

dystonia

Answer 15

movement disorder characterized by the involuntary and sometimes repetitive contraction of certain muscles

Question 16

electromyography

Answer 16

EMG diagnostic test that measures the electrical activity within muscle fibers in response to nerve stimulation

Question 17

epicondylitis

Answer 17

inflammation of the tissues surrounding the elbow

Question 18

ergonomics

Answer 18

study of the human factors that affect the design and operation of tools and the work environment

Question 19

exercise physiologist

Answer 19

specialist who works under the supervision of a physician to develop implement and coordinate exercise programs and administer medical tests to promote physical fitness

Question 20

fasciitis

Answer 20

inflammation of fascia

Question 21

fibromyalgia

Answer 21

debilitating chronic condition characterized by fatigue; diffuse or specific muscle, joint, or bone pain; wide range of other symptoms

Question 22

ganglion cyst

Answer 22

benign, fluid-filled lump that usually occurs on the outer surface of the wrist or hand, sometimes as a result of a past injury

Question 23

heel spur

Answer 23

calcium deposit in plantar fascia near its attachment to the calcaneus (heel) bone causing pain that is often mistaken for. plantar fasciitis

Question 24

hemiparesis

Answer 24

weakness or slight muscle paralysis affecting one side of the body

Question 25

hemiplegia

Answer 25

total paralysis affecting only one side of the body

Question 26

hernia

Answer 26

occurs when tissue like internal organ protrudes through a weak area in the muscle normally containing it

Question 27

hyperkinesia

Answer 27

aka hyperactivity abnormally increased muscle function or activity

Question 28

hypotonia

Answer 28

condition in which there is diminished tone of the skeletal muscles

Question 29

impingement syndrome

Answer 29

aka rotator cuff tendinitis, inflamed and swollen tendons are caught in the narrow space between the bones within the shoulder joint

Question 30

innervation

Answer 30

stimulation of a muscle by an impulse transmitted by a motor nerve

Question 31

insertion

Answer 31

where the muscle ends by attaching to a bone or tendon; in contrast to the origin, the insertion is the. more movable attachment and it is the farthest point from the midline of the body

Question 32

intermitten claudication

Answer 32

pain in leg muscles that occurs during exercise and is relieved by rest

Question 33

muscular dystrophy

Answer 33

general term genetic disease that are characterized by progressive weakness and degernation of the skeletal muscles that control movement, without affecting the nervous system

Question 34

myasthenia gravis

Answer 34

chronic autoimmune disease that affects the neuromuscular junction (where the neuron activates the muscle to contract) and produces weakness and rapid fatigue of voluntary muscles, especially in the eye face and throat

Question 35

myoclonus

Answer 35

quick, involuntary jerking of a muscle or group of mucsles

Question 36

myofascial release

Answer 36

specialized soft-tissue manipulation technique used to ease the pain of conditions such as fibromyalgia, myofascial pain syndrome, movement restrictions, TMJ disorders and carpal tunnel syndrome

Question 37

myoparesis

Answer 37

weakness or slight muscular paralysis

Question 38

myorrhaphy

Answer 38

surgical suturing of a muscle

Question 39

neuromuscular

Answer 39

pertaining to the relationship between a nerve and muscle

Question 40

oblique

Answer 40

slanted or at an angle

Question 41

origin

Answer 41

where the muscle begins and it is located nearest the midline of the body or on a less movable part of the skeleton. The origin is the less movable attachment

Question 42

paralysis

Answer 42

loss of sensation and voluntary muscle movements in a muscle through disease or injury to its nerve supply

Question 43

paraplegia

Answer 43

also known as a partial paralysis, paralysis of both legs and the lower part of the body

Question 44

physiatrist

Answer 44

physician who specializes in physical medicine and rehabilitation with the focus on restoring function

Question 45

plantar fasciitis

Answer 45

inflammation of the plantar fascia on the sole of the foot; this condition causes foot or heel pain when walking or running

Question 46

polymyositis

Answer 46

muscle disease characterized by the simultaneous inflammation and weakening of voluntary muscles in many parts of the body

Question 47

pronation

Answer 47

act of rotating the arm or leg so that the palm of the hand or sole of the foot is turned downward or backward

Question 48

quadriplegia

Answer 48

aka tetraplegia is paralysis of all four extremities

Question 49

sarcopenia

Answer 49

loss of muscle mass, strength, and function that comes with aging

Question 50

shin splint

Answer 50

painful condition caused by the tibialis anterior muscle tearing away from the tibia (shin bone)

Question 51

singultus

Answer 51

hiccups myoclonus of the diaphragm that causes the characteristic hiccup sound with each spasm

Question 52

sphincter

Answer 52

ring-like muscle that tightly constricts the opening of a passageway

Question 53

sprain

Answer 53

an injury to a joint, such as an ankle, knee, or wrist which usually occurs when a ligament is wrenched or torn

Question 54

tendinopathy

Answer 54

general term for irritation or degeneration of a tendon in any joint, for ex rotator cuff

Question 55

tenodesis

Answer 55

surgical suturing of the end of a tendon to a bone

Question 56

tenolysis

Answer 56

release of a tendon from adhesions

Question 57

tenosynovitis

Answer 57

inflammation of the sheath surrounding a tendon

Question 58

tenotomy

Answer 58

surgical cutting of a tendon to provide release or allow lengthening

Question 59

torticollis

Answer 59

wryneck, stiff neck due to spasmodic contraction of the neck muscles that pull the head toward the affected side

Question 60

transverse

Answer 60

crosswire direction