Chapter 3 Vocab

Question 1

devolution revolution

Answer 1

the effort to slow the growth of the federal government by returning many functions to the states

Question 2

federalism

Answer 2

constitutional arrangement whereby power is distributed between a central government and subdivisional governments, called states in the U.S. The national and the subdivisional governments both exercise direct authority over individuals.

Question 3

unitary system

Answer 3

constitutional arrangement in which power is concentrated in a central government

Question 4

confederation

Answer 4

constitutional arrangement in which sovereign nations or states, by compact, create a central government but carefully limit its power and do not give direct authority over individuals

Question 5

commerce clause

Answer 5

gives congress the power to regulate all business activities that cross state lines or affect more than one state or other nations

Question 6

federal mandate

Answer 6

a requirement imposed by the federal government as a condition for the receipt of federal funds

Question 7

concurrent powers

Answer 7

powers that the constitution gives to both the national and state governments such as the power to levy taxes

Question 8

full faith and credit clause

Answer 8

requires each state to recognize the civil judgements rendered by the courts of the other states and to accept their public records and acts as valid

Question 9

extradition

Answer 9

legal process whereby an alleged criminal offender is surrendered by the officials of one state in which the crime is alleged to have been committed

Question 10

interstate compact

Answer 10

an agreement among two or more states

Question 11

national supremacy

Answer 11

constitutional doctrine that whenever conflict occurs between the constitutionality authorized actions of the national government and those of a state or local government the actions of the federal government win

Question 12

centralists

Answer 12

people who favor national action over action at the state and local levels

Question 13

states’ rights

Answer 13

powers expressly or implicitly reserved to the states and emphasized by decentralists

Question 14

dual federalism

Answer 14

views the constitution as giving a limited list of powers to the national government, leaving the rest to the sovereign states

Question 15

cooperative federalism

Answer 15

stresses federalism as a system of intergovernmental relations in delivering governmental goods and services to the people and calls for cooperation among various levels of government

Question 16

McCulloch v Maryland

Answer 16

Maryland opposed national bank

Chief Justice Marshall set forth national supremacy