Chapter 4 Vocab

Question 1

Social Capital

Answer 1

democratic and civic habits of discussion, compromise, and respect for differences, which grow out of participation in voluntary organizations

Question 2

Political Culture

Answer 2

the widely shared beliefs, values, and norms concerning the relationship of citizens to government and to one another

Question 3

Natural Rights

Answer 3

the rights of all people to dignity and worth; also called human rights

Question 4

Democratic Consensus

Answer 4

widespread agreement on fundamental principles of democratic governance and the values that undergird them

Question 5

Majority Rule

Answer 5

Governance according to the expressed preferences of the majority

Question 6

Popular Sovereignty

Answer 6

A belief that ultimate power resides in the people

Question 7

American Dream

Answer 7

the widespread belief that the United States is a land of opportunity of opportunity and that individual initiative and hard work can bring economic success.

Question 8

Capitalism

Answer 8

an economic system characterized by private property, competitive markets, economic incentives, and limited government involvement in the production and pricing of goods and services

Question 9

Monopoly

Answer 9

domination of an industry by a single company by fixing prices and discouraging competition; also the company that dominates the industry by these means

Question 10

Antitrust Legislation

Answer 10

federal laws that try to prevent a monopoly from dominating an industry and restraining trade

Question 11

Political Ideology

Answer 11

a consistent pattern of beliefs about political values and the role of government

Question 12

liberalism

Answer 12

a belief in the positive uses of government to bring about justice and equality of opportunity

Question 13

conservatism

Answer 13

a belief that limited government ensures order, competitive markets, and personal opportunity

Question 14

socialism

Answer 14

an economic and governmental system based on public ownership of the means of production and exchange

Question 15

environmentalism

Answer 15

an ideology that is dominated by concern for the environment but also promotes grassroots democracy, social justice, equal opportunity, nonviolence, respect for diversity, and feminism

Question 16

libertarianism

Answer 16

an ideology that cherishes individual liberty and insists on a sharply limited government, promoting a free market economy, a noninterventionist foreign policy, and an absence of regulation in the moral and social spheres