Chapter 3 vocab shiz

Question 1

name of CEO in example

Answer 1

Dan Price

Question 2

utilitarianism

Answer 2

maximizing the overall good; the most good for the most amount of people; greatest good fro the greatest for the greatest number

Question 3

consequentialist theories

Answer 3

ethical theories (like utilitarianism) that determine right and wrong by calculating the consequences of actions

Question 4

principle-based ethics

Answer 4

individual rights and human rights/duties approach

Question 5

virtue ethics

Answer 5

studies the character traits or habits that constitute a good human life, a life worth living; what kind of person should i be?

Question 6

egoism

Answer 6

holds that all people act only from self-interest; humans ought to act for their own self interest; typically distinguish between one’s perceived best interest and one true best interests

Question 7

what did Adam smith think

Answer 7

claims that free and completive markets are the best means for attaining utilitarian goals; voluntary transactions make people better off, so free market is better for everyone

Question 8

what is the opposite of what Adam smith thought

Answer 8

think that companies should just look to maximize profits; resources will go go the people who most value them so satisfaction will be high

Question 9

what are those two kinds of utilitarianism called

Answer 9

market and administrative

Question 10

challenges of utilitarianism

Answer 10

must count, measure, compare, and quantify consequences/

reliance on consequences/

Question 11

principles

Answer 11

ethical rules that put values into action

Question 12

duties

Answer 12

those obligations that one is bound to perform, regardless of consequences; might be derived from basic ethical principles, from the law, or from one’s institutional or professional role

Question 13

categorical imperative

Answer 13

an overriding principle of ethics; Immanuel Kant

Question 14

what did Kant say

Answer 14

treat persons as ends and never as means only; treat others as subjects, not objects; Everyone has human rights and equal rights and should be treated equally

Question 15

autonomy

Answer 15

the capacity to make free and deliberate choices

Question 16

human rights

Answer 16

those moral rights that individuals have simply in virtue of being a human being; also called natural rights or moral rights

Question 17

problems with ethics based on rights

Answer 17

no agreement about the scope and range of such rights (which things qualify as rights and which are things that people just want/
how to apply them to real life situations

Question 18

character

Answer 18

the sum of relatively set traits, dispositions, and habits of an individual; accounts for how she or he makes decisions and acts