Chapter 3 vocabulary

Question 0

The ________ , or plasma membrane , forms a boundary between a cell and the outside environment and controls the passage of materials into and out of a cell .

Answer 0

Cell membrane

Question 1

A ________ is an outer rigid layer that gives protection , support , and shape to the cell .

Answer 1

Cell wall

Question 2

The _______ consists of closely layered stacks of membrane-enclosed spaces that process, sort, and deliver proteins .

Answer 2

Golgi-apparatus

Question 3

_____ are organelles that carry out photosynthesis , a series of complex chemical reactions that convert solar energy into energy-rich molecules the cell can use .

Answer 3

Chloroplasts

Question 4

The _____ is one of the first unifying concepts developed in biology .

Answer 4

Cell theory

Question 5

______ is a jellylike substance that contains dissolved molecular building blocks . Such as proteins , nucleic acids , minerals , and ions .

Answer 5

Cytoplasm

Question 6

_______ are structures specialized to perform distinct processes within a cell .

Answer 6

Organelles

Question 7

_________ do not have a nucleus or other membrane-bound organelles .

Answer 7

Prokaryotic cells

Question 8

__________ have a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles .

Answer 8

Eukaryotic cells

Question 9

______ is a network of proteins that is constantly changing to meet the needs of the cell .

Answer 9

Cytoskeleton

Question 10

The _____ is the storehouse for most of the genetic information , or DNA , in your cells .

Answer 10

Nucleus

Question 11

The _________ is an interconnected network of thin folded membranes .

Answer 11

Endoplasmic reticulum , or ER

Question 12

________ are tiny organelles that link amino acids together to form proteins .

Answer 12

Ribosomes

Question 13

________ are small , membrane-bound sacs that divide some materials from the rest of the cytoplasm and transport these materials from place to place within the cell .

Answer 13

Vesicles

Question 14

A _______ supplies energy to the cell .

Answer 14

Mitochondrion

Question 15

A _______ is a fluid-filled sac used for the storage of materials needed by a cell .

Answer 15

Vacuole

Question 16

________ are membrane-bound organelles that contain enzymes .

Answer 16

Lysosomes

Question 17

________ are cylinder-shaped made of short microtubules arranged in a circle .

Answer 17

Centrioles

Question 18

A ________ is a molecule composed of three basic parts :
• a charged phosphate group
• glycerol
• two fatty acids

Answer 18

Phospholipid

Question 19

The _______________ describes the arrangement of the molecules that make up a cell membrane .

Answer 19

Fluid mosaic model

Question 20

___________ is a property of the cell membrane that means it allows some , but now all , materials to cross .

Answer 20

Selective permeability

Question 21

A ______ is a protein that detects a signal molecule and performs an action in response .

Answer 21

Receptor

Question 22

________ is the movement of molecules across a cell membrane without energy input from the cell .

Answer 22

Passive transport

Question 23

A _______ is the difference in the concentration of a substance from one location to another .

Answer 23

Concentration gradient

Question 24

________ is the movement of molecules in a fluid or gas from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration .

Answer 24

Diffusion

Question 25

A process where water molecules move across a semipermeable membrane from an area of higher water concentration to an area of lower water concentration is called _________ .

Answer 25

Osmosis

Question 26

A solution is ______ to a cell if it has the same concentration of dissolved particles as the cell .

Answer 26

Isotonic

Question 27

A ______ solution has a higher concentration of dissolved particles than a cell .

Answer 27

Hypertonic

Question 28

A _______ solution has a lower concentration of dissolved particles than a cell .

Answer 28

Hypotonic

Question 29

__________ is the diffusion of molecules across a membrane through transport proteins .

Answer 29

Facilitated diffusion

Question 30

___________ drives molecules across a membrane from a region of lower concentration to a region of higher concentration .

Answer 30

Active transport

Question 31

_________ is the process of taking liquids or fairly large molecules into a cell by engulfing them in a membrane .

Answer 31

Endocytosis

Question 32

________ is a type of endocytosis in which the cell membrane engulfs large particles .

Answer 32

Phagocytosis

Question 33

_______ , the opposite of endocytosis , is the release of substances out of a cell by the fusion of a vesicles with the membrane .

Answer 33

Exocytosis