Chapter 8 Vocabulary

Question 0

The small units , or monomers , that make up DNA are called _________ .

Answer 0

Nucleotides

Question 1

This type of virus , called a ________ , or “phage” for short , takes over a bacterium’s genetic machinery and directs it to make more viruses .

Answer 1

Bacteriophage

Question 2

A ________ model , in which two strands of DNA wind around each other like a twisted ladder .

Answer 2

Double helix

Question 3

This is summarized in _________ : thymine (T) always pairs with adenine (A) , and cytosine (C) always pairs with guanine (G) .

Answer 3

Base pairing rules

Question 4

This process by which DNA is copied during the cell cycle is called _________ .

Answer 4

Replication

Question 5

A group of enzymes called ___________ bond the new nucleotides together .

Answer 5

DNA polymerases

Question 6

Soon after his discovery of DNA structure , Francis Crick defined the ________ of molecular biology , which states that information flows in one direction , from DNA to RNA to proteins .

Answer 6

Central dogma

Question 7

Like DNA , ____ , or ribonucleic acid , is a chain of nucleotides , each made of a sugar , a phosphate group , and a nitrogen-containing base .

Answer 7

RNA

Question 8

___________ is the process of copying a sequence of DNA to produce a complementary strand of RNA .

Answer 8

Transcription

Question 9

_________ , enzymes that bond nucleotides together in a chain to make a new RNA molecule .

Answer 9

RNA polymerases

Question 10

______________ is an intermediate message that is translated to form a protein .

Answer 10

Messenger RNA (mRNA)

Question 11

______________ forms part of ribosomes , a cell’s protein factories .

Answer 11

Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)

Question 12

____________ brings amino acids from the cytoplasm to a ribosome to help make the growing protein .

Answer 12

Transfer RNA (tRNA)