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Chapter 8 Vocabulary Flashcards

(13 cards)

0
Q

The small units , or monomers , that make up DNA are called _________ .

A

Nucleotides

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1
Q

This type of virus , called a ________ , or “phage” for short , takes over a bacterium’s genetic machinery and directs it to make more viruses .

A

Bacteriophage

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2
Q

A ________ model , in which two strands of DNA wind around each other like a twisted ladder .

A

Double helix

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3
Q

This is summarized in _________ : thymine (T) always pairs with adenine (A) , and cytosine (C) always pairs with guanine (G) .

A

Base pairing rules

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4
Q

This process by which DNA is copied during the cell cycle is called _________ .

A

Replication

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5
Q

A group of enzymes called ___________ bond the new nucleotides together .

A

DNA polymerases

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6
Q

Soon after his discovery of DNA structure , Francis Crick defined the ________ of molecular biology , which states that information flows in one direction , from DNA to RNA to proteins .

A

Central dogma

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7
Q

Like DNA , ____ , or ribonucleic acid , is a chain of nucleotides , each made of a sugar , a phosphate group , and a nitrogen-containing base .

A

RNA

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8
Q

___________ is the process of copying a sequence of DNA to produce a complementary strand of RNA .

A

Transcription

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9
Q

_________ , enzymes that bond nucleotides together in a chain to make a new RNA molecule .

A

RNA polymerases

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10
Q

______________ is an intermediate message that is translated to form a protein .

A

Messenger RNA (mRNA)

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11
Q

______________ forms part of ribosomes , a cell’s protein factories .

A

Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)

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12
Q

____________ brings amino acids from the cytoplasm to a ribosome to help make the growing protein .

A

Transfer RNA (tRNA)

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