Chapter 6 Vocabulary

Question 0

_______ Are sex cells ova or eggs in the female and spermatozoa or sperm cells in the male

Answer 0

Gametes

Question 1

_________ Also called body cells make up most of your body tissues and organs

Answer 1

Somatic cells

Question 2

________ are two chromosomes one inherited from the mother one from the father that have the same length and general appearance

Answer 2

Homologous chromosomes

Question 3

_______ Are chromosomes that contain genes for characteristics not directly related to the sex of an organism

Answer 3

Autosomes

Question 4

________ directly control the development of sexual characteristics

Answer 4

Sex chromosomes

Question 5

________ Involves the fusion of two gametes that results in offspring that are a genetic mixture of both parents

Answer 5

Sexual reproduction

Question 6

The actual fusion of an egg and a sperm cell is called _____

Answer 6

Fertilization

Question 7

______ means a cell has two copies of each chromosome one copy from the mother and one copy from the father

Answer 7

Diploid

Question 8

______ means that a cell has only one copy of each chromosome

Answer 8

Haploid

Question 9

______ is a form of nuclear division that divides a diploid cell into haploid cells

Answer 9

Meiosis

Question 10

_________ is the production of Gamtes

Answer 10

Gametogenesis

Question 11

______ is the male gamete

Answer 11

Sperm

Question 12

_____ is the female Gamete

Answer 12

Egg

Question 13

_______ Are cells with little more than DNA that are eventually broken down

Answer 13

Polar bodies

Question 14

_____ Are distinguishing characteristics that are inherited such as eyecolor leaf shape and tail length

Answer 14

Traits

Question 15

______ is the study of biological inheritance patterns and variation in organisms

Answer 15

Genetics

Question 16

_____ means genetically uniform

Answer 16

Purebred

Question 17

In genetics the mating of two organisms is called a ______

Answer 17

Cross

Question 18

The ______ is Mendel’s first law that states 1. Organisms inherit two copies of each gene one from each parent and 2. Organisms donate only one copy of each gene into their gametes . Thus the the two copies of each gene segregate or separate during gamete formation

Answer 18

Law of segregation

Question 19

A ______ is a piece of DNA that provides a set of instructions to a cell to make a certain protein

Answer 19

Gene

Question 20

An ______ is any of the alternative forms of a gene that may occur at a specific locus

Answer 20

Allele

Question 21

______ describes two of the same alleles at a specific locus

Answer 21

Homozygous

Question 22

_______ describes two different alleles at a specific Locus

Answer 22

Heterozygous

Question 23

A ______ is all of an organisms genetic material

Answer 23

Genome

Question 24

A ______ typically refers to the genetic makeup of a specific set of genes

Answer 24

Genotype

Question 25

The physical characteristics or traits of an individual organism make up its _______

Answer 25

Phenotype

Question 26

A ______ allele is the allele that is expressed when two different alleles or two dominant alleles are present

Answer 26

Dominant

Question 27

A _____ allele is the allele that is only expressed when two copies are present

Answer 27

Recessive

Question 28

A ________ is a grid system for predicting all possible genotypes resulting from a cross

Answer 28

Punnett square

Question 29

A ______ are crosses that examines the inheritance of only one specific trait

Answer 29

Mono hybrid crosses

Question 30

A _____ is a cross between an organism with an unknown genotype and an organism with a recessive phenotype

Answer 30

Testcross

Question 31

A ____ are crosses that examine the inheritance of two different traits

Answer 31

Dihybrid crosses

Question 32

The ___________ States that allele pairs separate independently of each other during gamete formation or meiosis

Answer 32

Law of independent assortment

Question 33

______ is the likelihood that a particular event will happen

Answer 33

Probability

Question 34

_______ is the exchange of chromosome segments between Homologous chromosomes during prophase I. (one) of meiosis I. (one)

Answer 34

crossing over

Question 35

Genes located close together tend to be inherited together which is called ______

Answer 35

Genetic linkage