Chapter 30-abdominal And Genitourinary Injuries

Question 1

What do you call the four abdominal quadrants?

Answer 1

Right upper quadrant, left upper quadrant, right lower quadrant, left lower quadrant

Question 2

What’s different about pediatric patients regarding their abdomen?

Answer 2

Their liver and spleen are bigger in proportion to the abdominal cavity and are more easily injured. Also their ribs are softer and more flexible and they may get an organ injury without breaking ribs

Question 3

Hollow organ

Answer 3

Structures in which materials pass through (digestion of food, urine that’s being passed to the urinary bladder for release, or bile)

Question 4

What are the hollow organs in the stomach?

Answer 4

Stomach, gall bladder, bile duct, large intestine, small intestine, ureters, urinary bladder, rectum, appendix, uterus,

Question 5

Peritoneal cavity

Answer 5

The abdominal cavity

Question 6

What happens when a hollow organ lacerates?

Answer 6

The organs spill their contents into the peritoneal cavity, causing an intense inflammatory reaction and possible infection

Question 7

Peritoneum

Answer 7

The lining of the peritoneal cavity

Question 8

Peritonitis

Answer 8

Inflammation of the membrane lining of the abdomen (peritoneum)

Question 9

What is the small intestine composed of?

Answer 9

Duodenum, jejunum, ileum

Question 10

What is included in the large intestine?

Answer 10

Cecum, the colon, and the rectum

Question 11

What’s a common sign of bleeding in the abdomen?

Answer 11

Rigidity board like feeling

Question 12

Solid organs

Answer 12

Solid masses of tissue

Question 13

What are the solid organs of the stomach?

Answer 13

Liver, spleen, pancreas, kidneys, adrenal gland

Question 14

What peritoneal organs specifically are at risk with a fall

Answer 14

The aorta, the liver, and the spleen

Question 15

Closed abdominal injuries

Answer 15

When a blunt force trauma of some sort hits the abdomen and doesn’t break the skin

Question 16

Common MOI is closed abdominal injury

Answer 16

Motorcycle crashes, falls, blast injuries, pedestrian injuries, compression, deceleration

Question 17

What organs are found in the right upper quadrant?

Answer 17

Liver, gallbladder, duodenum of the small intestines, and small portions of the pancreas

Question 18

What occupies the left upper quadrant?

Answer 18

Mostly the stomach, a little bit of the spleen. Also a little bit of the pancreas but that’s mostly in the posterior part

Question 19

What does the left lower quadrant hold?

Answer 19

The large and small intestines, the descending colon and the left half of the transverse colon.

Question 20

What does the right lower quadrant hold?

Answer 20

Portions of the large and small intestines that include the ascending color and the right half of the transverse colon

Question 21

What hurts usually on a patient that has a liver or spleen injury and is bleeding into the peritoneal space?

Answer 21

The shoulder

Question 22

What organ can be damaged if there is pain that is following the angle from the lateral hip to the midline of the groin?

Answer 22

It could be damage to the kidneys or the ureters

Question 23

What would you assume if there was pain primarily located in the right lower quadrant of the abdomen?

Answer 23

And inflamed or ruptured appendix

Question 24

Guarding

Answer 24

When the patient either consciously or unintentionally Stiffins the muscles of the surface of the abdomen. Stiffening is a natural response to abdominal pain

Question 25

Open abdominal injuries (penetrating injury)

Answer 25

When a foreign object enters the abdominal cavity to and opens the peritoneal cavity to the outside

Question 26

What are the three levels of velocity that are commonly discussed in trauma injuries?

Answer 26

Low velocity, medium velocity, and high velocity

Question 27

Give an example of a low velocity injury

Answer 27

A handheld or hand powered device. For example, a knife or another edged weapon

Question 28

Give an example of a medium velocity injury

Answer 28

Caused by smaller caliber handguns and shotguns

Question 29

Give an example of a high velocity injury

Answer 29

Caused by larger weapons such as high-powered rifles in the high-power hand guns

Question 30

Evisceration

Answer 30

When organs protrude through the peritoneum through a penetrating wound

Question 31

Flank

Answer 31

The region above the hips and below the rib cage

Question 32

Hollow organ injuries

Answer 32

Injuries to hollow organs may have delayed signs and symptoms. Contents of hollow Organs may spill into the abdomen and infection develops, which can take a few hours to days to develop. Both blunt and penetrating trauma can cause injuries to the hollow organs.

Question 33

Solid organ injuries

Answer 33

Solid organs can bleed significantly and cause rapid blood loss that can be hard to identify from an examination because the patient is not experiencing significant pain. They can also ooze blood into the peritoneal cavity and cause slowly more pain and infection.

Question 34

Hematuria

Answer 34

Blood in the urine

Question 35

the fold of tissue that connects the small intestine to the abdominal wall. signs include abdominal rigidity and periumbilical bruising

Answer 35

Mesentery

Question 36

this usually indicates that a hollow organ or loop of bowel has perforated. if not rapidly identified and repaired, severe infection and septic shock may develop

Answer 36

Free air in the peritoneal cavity