Chapter 31 Flashcards
(26 cards)
Second stage of inflammation consisting of fluid that escaped from blood vessels, dead phagocytic cells and products that they release
Exudate
In response to the exit of leukocytes from the blood, the bone marrow produces large number of leukocytes and releases them into the bloodstream
Leukocytosis
Serous
Purulent
Hemorrhagic (sanguineous)
Types of Exudate
Repair of injured tissues by regeneration or replacement of fibrous tissue
Reparative phase
Replacement of destroyed tissue cells by cells that are identical of similar in structure and function
Regeneration
Fragile, gelatinous tissue appearing pink or red because of the newly formed capillaries
Granulation tissue
Later process the tissue shrinks and the collagen fibers contract so that a firmer fibrous tissue remains
Cicatrix
Scar
- Host susceptibility
- Affected by Age
- Heredity
- Level of stress
- Nutritional status
- Current medical therapy
- Preexisting disease process
Factors increasing infection susceptibility
Fever Increased pulse and respiratory rate Malaise loss of energy Anorexia, nausea, vomiting Enlargement and tenderness of lymph nodes that drain the area of infection
Signs of systemic infection
Agents that inhibit the growth of some microorganisms
Antiseptics
Agents that destroy pathogens other than spores
Disinfectants
Moist heat
Gas
Boiling water
Radiation
Sterilization
Standard precautions
Universal precautions
Tier 1- infection control
Used for clovers know to have or suspected of having serious illness transmitted by airborne droplet nuclei smaller than 5 microns
Ex. Rubeola, Varicella, TB
Airborne precautions
Are used for clients known or suspected to have serious illnesses transmitted by particle droplets larger than 5 microns
Ex. Mycoplasma pneumonia, mumps, rubella, pertussis
Droplet precautions
Used for clients known or suspected to have serious illnesses easily transmitted by direct client contact or contact with items in client environment
Ex. C-difficile, shigella
Contact precautions
- Clean gown
- Face mask
- Clean gloves
Applying PPE
- Remove gloves
- Remove gown
- Remove the mask
Removing PPE
- Etiological Agent
- Reservoir
- Portal of exit
- Mode of transmission
- Portal of entry
- Susceptible host
Chain of infection
Source of microorganisms
Reservoir
Before infection can establish itself in a host microorganism must leave ….
Portal of exit from reservoir
Requires a means of transmission to reach another person or host through a receptive portal of entry
Method of transmission
white blood cells (leukocytes) move quickly into the area.
Cellular response to inflammation
Small vessel constriction and histamine release
Vascular stage of inflammation
