Circulation

Question 0

Amount of blood ejected from heart each minute

Answer 0

Cardiac output

Question 1

Amount of blood ejected from heart with each beat

Answer 1

Stroke volume

Question 2

SV x HR =

Answer 2

Cardiac output

Question 3

Volume of blood in ventricles at end of diastole

Answer 3

Preload

Question 4

Increased in:
•Hypervolemia
•Regurgitation of cardiac valves
•Heart Failure

Answer 4

Preload

Question 5

Resistance left ventricle must overcome to circulate blood

Answer 5

After load

Question 6

Increased in:
• hypertension
• vasoconstriction

Answer 6

After load

Question 7

Men: 4.6-6.0 million/mm3
Women: 4.0-5.0 million/mm3

Answer 7

RBC

Question 8

Men: 14-18 g/dL
Women: 12-18 g/dL

Answer 8

Hemoglobin

Question 9

Men: 42-52%
Women: 37-47 %

Answer 9

Hematocrit

Question 10

Rapid pulse 
Rapid shallow respirations and dyspnea 
Flaring of the nares 
Substernal or intercostal retractions 
Cyanosis

Answer 10

Clinical manifestations of Hypoxia

Question 11

1. Restlessness
2. Anxiety
3. Tachypnea

Answer 11

Early signs of hypoxia

Question 12

1. Bradycardia
2. Extreme restlessness
3. Dyspnea

Answer 12

Late signs of hypoxia

Question 13

Reduced cellular oxygen

Answer 13

Hypoxia

Question 14

Reduced oxygen in blood

Answer 14

Hypoxemia

Question 15

Bluish discoloration of the skin, nail beds, and mucous membranes due to reduced hemoglobin-oxygen saturation

Answer 15

Cyanosis

Question 16

Closure of the tricuspid valves

Answer 16

S1

Question 17

Closure of the aortic and pulmonic valves

Answer 17

S2

Question 18

Vibration of the ventricles that resist early rapid refilling

Answer 18

S3

Question 19

Vibration of the ventricles that resist forceful filling

Answer 19

S4