Chapter 31: Pain

Question 1

What are the most common areas that are reported as severe pain?

Answer 1

Headache, lower back, neck, and facial pain

Question 2

What is an unpleasant sensory or emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage, or described in terms of such damaged?

Answer 2

Pain

Question 3

true or false:

Pain is subjective and can measure pain objectivity

Answer 3

false: cannot measure pain objectively

Question 4

Origin of pain refers to

Answer 4

the site where pain is felt.

Question 5

Cutaneous/ Superficial Pain

Answer 5

pain felt in subcutaneous tissue (paper cut)

Question 6

stimulated by deep internal pain receptors (menstrual cramps)

Answer 6

Visceral Pain

Question 7

Deep Somatic Pain

Answer 7

originates in the ligaments, tendons, bones, nerves, blood vessels, and bones (a fracture or sprain)

Question 8

What pain occurs in area distant from the origin

Answer 8

Referred Pain

Question 9

Phantom Pain

Answer 9

pain felt on amputated limb

Question 10

Psychogenic Pain

Answer 10

refers to pain that comes from mind ( depression)

Question 11

This type of pain is a short duration and is generally rapid in onset, varies in intensity and may last unto 6 months.

Answer 11

Acute Pain

Question 12

Chronic Pain:

Answer 12

pain that lasted 6 months or longer

Question 13

Intractable Pain:

Answer 13

is both chronic and highly resistant to relief

Question 14

Hyperalgesia

Answer 14

sensitive to pain

Question 15

Transduction is?

Answer 15

nociceptors become activated by the perception of potentially damaging mechanical, thermal, and chemical stimuli

Question 16

Mechanical Stimuli:

Answer 16

are external forces that result in pressure or friction against the body (bleeding swelling surgical incisions)

Question 17

Thermal Stimuli:

Answer 17

result from exposure to extreme heat or cold

Question 18

Example of a Chemical Stimuli

Answer 18

example: lemon juice on open area

Question 19

Tissue damage promotes the release of substances such as ____,____, and ____. These three activate nociceptors in the surrounding tissue.

Answer 19

bradykinin, histamine and prostate gland ands.

Question 20

What is a vasodialtor that triggers a release of inflammatory chemicals and inflammation is the most frequent cause of pain?

Answer 20

Bradykinin

Question 21

Transmission is

Answer 21

pain messages are conducted to the spinal cord along with either A Delta fiber and C fiber

Question 22

A-Delta Fibers are

Answer 22

fast pain impulse (initial pain)

Question 23

C-Fibers are

Answer 23

slow pain impulse (lingering pain)

Question 24

Pain Perception is?

Answer 24

Recognize and defining a stimulus as pain in frontal cortex

Question 25

Pain threshold is?

Answer 25

defines stimulus as actual pain

Question 26

Pain that patients are willing to endure?

Answer 26

Pain tolerance

Question 27

What is a process that changes the perception of pain by either facilitating or inhibiting pain signals

Answer 27

Pain modulation

Question 28

Older adults may be unable to report pain because of ?

Answer 28

cognitive impairment

Question 29

pain tolerance is?

Answer 29

duration or intensity of pain that a person is willing to endure

Question 30

Changing pain perception by facilitating or inhibiting pain signals is know as?

Answer 30

Pain Modulation

Question 31

Pain relief is usually provided by?

Answer 31

Endogenous opioids

Question 32

When pain occurs, where do C-Fibers travel?

Answer 32

to the periphery to the brain, which encounter the gate control which allows/block the transmutation of pain sensation to the brain.

Question 33

If a patients pain is unresolved or chronic, what happens to the blood pressure and pulse rate?

Answer 33

lower than normal

Question 34

What does it mean is a patient is going through a paradoxical reaction?

Answer 34

Patients pain may increase even though there was an increase in dose of opioids.

Question 35

Assessing a patients Pain includes?

Answer 35

Complete pain history such as onset, location

Question 36

When applying heat/cold to pain area, what should you do and be aware of?

Answer 36

when applying it, only 15 minute at a time...to avoid tissue damage

Question 37

What are three types of pharmacological measures if pain ?

Answer 37

Nonopioid analgesics, opioid angalgesics, Adjuvant analgesics

Question 38

Nonopiod analgesics include?

Answer 38

Nonsteroidal ani-inflmmatory drugs: aspirin, ibuprofen acetaminophe: (most safe) fever reducing property

Question 39

What reduces the amount of opioid the patient requires?

Answer 39

Adjuvant Analgesics | muscle relaxants and corticosteriods etc.

Question 40

Opioid Analgestics

Answer 40

``` natural and synthetic compounds to relive pain: IV IM transdermal epidural ```