chapter 32 bug info Flashcards by Julia Litzky

strep pneumoniae

GP diplococci aligned end to end

most common cause of bacterial pneumonia
also meningitis and otitis

in normal through flora

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group A strep (streptococcus pyogenes)

beta-hemolytic - so compete hemolysis on blood agar
GP cocci in chains

phyaryngitis, wound infections,
rheumatic fever and acute glomerulonephritis

very sensitive to penicillin G!

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group B strep (streptococcus agalactiae)

usually beta hemolytic

mostly penicillin G sensitive

normally in female genital tract

neontal septicemia and meningitis

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viridans streptococci

GP in chains or pairs

normal oral cavity

most common cause of subacute bacterial endocarditis on previously damaged valves

penicillin may be sufficient

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peptostreptococcus

obligate anaerobes GP in clumps or chains

very sensitive to penicillin G

often in normal oral and fecal flora

anaerobic infections:
brain abscesses
liver abscesses

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enterococcus fecalis

GP coccus in pairs and chains

normal fecal flora

UTIs (5-10%)
endocarditis (#2 for SBE)

mostly penicillin resistant, cephalosporin resistant
can use ampicillin, vancomycin
some (e. faecium vanco resistant)

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staph aureus

coagulase positive
GP singly, pairs, or grape-like clusters

furuncles
cellulitis
endocarditis
meningitis
minor cause of pneumonia

sensitive to methicillin, oxacillin, mafcillin except MRSA

toxins can result in food poisoning and TSS

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staph epidermidis

coag negative
GP singly, in pairs and clumps

normal skin flora

most resistant to methicillin, oxacillin

artificial implants
IV catheters

bancomycin sensitive

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staph saprophyticus

uncomplicated UTI

coag negative

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neisseria meningitis

GNC side to side
grows best with CO2

menigitis and meningococcemia

penicillin G sensitive

give ABX prophylaxis to close contacts - rifampin, ceftriaxone

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neisseria gonorrhoeae

GNC (diplo)

urethritis, PID

needs CO2 for growth

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moraxella

GNC

pneumonia in COPD and elderly
suppurative otits

many are amoxicillin resistant

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Hemophilus influenzae

GNR
chocolate agar

meningitis
epiglottits (bronchitis)
otitis
pneumonia
COPD exacerbations

ceftriaxone

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enterobacteriaceae

GNR, grow aerobically on simple media
ferment glucose
grow under anaerobic conditions too

not penicillin sensitive

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E. coli

enterobacteriaceae
GNR

UTI (most common cause)
bacteremia
meningitis in neonates
sepsis in hospitalized pts
pneumonia in hosptialized pts

in normal large intestine

usually ampicillin and cephalothin sensitive

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klesiella

enterobacteriacae
GNR

pneumonia
UTI
pneumonia in hosp pts

cephalothin sensitive

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enterobacter

enterobacteriaceae
GNR

pneumonia in hosp pts

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salmonella typhi

enterobacteriaceae
GNR

typhoid fever

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non-typhi salmonella

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enterobacteriaceae
GNR

self-limiting gastroenteritis

carriage in domestic animals (ingestion of eggs, poultry, pork, etc)

dx with positive stool culture

shigella

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enterobacteriaceae
GNR

dysentery - blood and pus in stool

foodborne outbreaks only if contaminated with human feces
bacteria viable in foods for short periods only

proteus (and morganella)

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enterobacteriaceae
GNR

UTs

minor normal fecal flora member

mirabilis is ampicillin sensitive but others mreo resistant

serratia (and citrobacter)

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enterobacteriaceae
GNR

fairly ABX resistant

pneumonia in hospitalized pts

no GI diseases

pseudomonas aeruginosa

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aerobic GNR
obligate aerobe

bacteremia
UTI
burn infections
pneumonia in CF and hospitalized Ca pts

tobramycin and gentamicin sensitive
ceftrazidime and fourth gen cephalosporins (anti-pseudomonal)

campylobacter

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GNR, slightly curved
Dx via isolation from pt stools
microaerophilic (needs o2 but at lower concentration than normal air)

gastroenteritis

vibrio cholera

aerobic GNR, slightly curved Dx via isolation from pt stools, needs special media cholera

vibrio parahaemolyticus

aerobic GNR, slightly curved Dx via isolation from pt stools, needs special media less severe than cholera, watery diarrhea from contaminated seafood

yersinia enterocolitica

aerobic GNR Dx via isolation from pt stools infrequent GI disease resembling salmonella to humans from feces of domesticated animals

acinetobacter

GNR, coccobacillus obligate aerobe opportunistic respiratory therapy equipment indwelling catheters sepsis, pneumonia, UTI in hospitalized pts

bacteroides | prevotella

GNR anaerobe normal ins tine and mouth fragilis resisitant to penicillin G and ceph 1

legionella pneumophila

unusual GNR hard to grow legionnaires disease (pneumonia) facultative intracellular - azithromycin or erythromycin since they penetrate host cells

bordatella pertussis

small GNR not easily cultured whooping cough acellualr vaccine erythromycin

mycoplasma

noxell walls atypical pneumonia penicillin resistant use tetracycline or erythromycin

chlamydia trachomatis

obligate intracellular must be grown in tissues non gonococcal urethritis eye infections pneumonia in infants - macrolides (azithromycin) dx with gene-probe tx with doxycycline or azithromycin (penetrates cell walls)

mycobacterium tuberculosis

acid-fast rod TB need six weeks to grow in lab

clostridium difficile

GPR frequently form spores obligate anaerobes ABX associated diarrhea pseudomembranous colitis (most severe diarrhea) elderly more at risk makes Toxin A = enterotoxic, B = cytotoxic stop ABX can give oral vancomycin (not absorbed from GI tract) or metronidazole if severe

clostridium tetani

GPR frequently form spores obligate anaerobes

clostridium botulinum

GPR frequently form spores obligate anaerobes

clostridium perfringens

GPR frequently form spores obligate anaerobes gas gangrene

bacillus anthracis

aerobic GPR | form very resistant spores

bacillus cereus

aerobic GPR very resistant spores food poisoning, especially in reheated foods (fried rice) spores resist heating

listeria monocytogenes

GPR aerobic not spore forming transmitted via dairy and meat food poisoning occasionally meningitis, esp in elderly fetal death if transmitted to fetus farm animal fecal exposure

lactobacillus

non-pathogenic GPR without spores fermented dairy products (yogurt) some in intestine and vaginal tract

staphlococcus GI disease characteristics

2-4 hour incubation vomiting, 30% diarrhea, prostration bacterium is heat sensitive, toxin is resistant ``` pastries preserved meats tuna salad potato salad mayo ``` contaminated by humans

salmonella GI disease characteristics

8-48 hr incubation often vomiting diarrhea and pyrexia bacterium and toxin are heat sensitive poultry, pork, other unpreserved meats, eggs, salads spread by people, meat animals, pork, poultry, eggs

C. perfringens GI disease characteristics

6-24 hour incubation period, usually 8-12 hrs rarely vomiting diarrhea heat resistant spores large roasts or cooked beef, other meats spread in raw beef, feces, soil?

c. botulinum GI disease characteristics

resistant spores, but toxin is heat sensitive uncooked home canned veggies, anaerobic packages of fish spread in soil, lakes, fish, vegetation

chapter 32 bug info Flashcards

(46 cards)