chapter 33 Flashcards
(28 cards)
What is homeostasis?
a steady state
What is thermoregulation?
how organisms regulate body temperature..or choose not to.
What are ectotherms and endotherms?
ectotherms: regulates body temp by external means
endotherms: regulates body temp by internal means
What are four ways that heat is
gained or lost?
conduction, convection, radiation, and evaporation
What are five
adaptations to balance heat gain and loss?
metabolic heat
production, insulation, circulatory adaptations, evaporative cooling, and behavioral responses.
What is osmoregulation?
regulation or not of salt and water concentration
What are osmoconformers and osmoregulators
osmoconformers: will conform to salt and water
osmoregulators: have internal concentration of salt and water regardless of environment
Are most marine invertebrates
osmoconformers or osmoregulators?
osmoconformers
Are most terrestrial vertebrates osmoconformers or
osmoregulators?
osmoregulators?
What are the three terms of tonicity, and what do they mean?
1) hypotonic: less solutes more water
2) hypertonic: less water more solutes
3) Isotonic: same amout of solutes
Why do most saltwater
fishes continually drink seawater?
to make up for water loss
Why do most freshwater fishes continually excrete dilute urine?
because they retain alot of water and need to get rid of it
What is excretion?
getting rid of nitrogen containing waste by the urinary system
From what two sources do nitrogen-containing metabolic waste products come?
1) Proteins
2) Necleic acids
What is the advantage
of releasing ammonia as an aquatic organism and uric acid as a bird?
ammonia: cost no energy to make and it just dilutes into the water
uric acid: water conservation
In
what form is the nitrogenous waste of most aquatic animals, mammals, and birds?
aquatic animals: Ammonia
mammals: Urea
birds: uric aicd
What are two functions of the urinary system?
1) removes nitrogenous waste
2) maintians solute concentration
What are the four organs of the mammalian excretory
system?
1) Kidney
2) Ureter
3) Urinary bladder
4) Urethra
What is the path of urine flow from kidney to external urethral opening?
Kidney, renal pelvis, ureter, urinary bladder, and urethra.
What is the functional unit of the kidney?
nephron
What is the path of filtrate flow from glomerulus to renal
pelvis?
Bowman’s/glomerular capsule, proximal convoluted
tubule, loop of Henle, distal convoluted tubule, and collecting duct
What is filtration
due to high blood pressure everything leaves the blood except for large formed elements
What is tubular reabsorption
the return of useful substances to blood
What is tubular secretion
unneeded remaining substances can leave blood
