chapter 35

Question 1

What are asexual reproduction and sexual reproduction?

Answer 1

asexual reproduction: when one parent produces offspring that are genetically identical
sexual reproduction: involves two parents and produces genetically unique offspring.

Question 2

What is one advantage and one disadvantage of
asexual reproduction?

Answer 2

1) does not require a mate

2) lack of diversity

Question 3

What is one advantage and one disadvantage of
sexual reproduction?

Answer 3

1) genetic diversity

2) requires another partner

Question 4

What are budding and fission

Answer 4

Budding: produces mini forms of itself and releases them
fission: a organism spilts into 2 seperate organisms

Question 5

What are fragmentation and parthenogenesis?

Answer 5

fragmentation: a discarded part of the organism can become its own organism
Parthenogenesis: when no fertilization occurs but development does

Question 6

What is
hermaphroditism?

Answer 6

when one organism has fuctional testies and functional ovaries

Question 7

What are gonads? What are gametes? What is fertilization

Answer 7

gonads: reproductive organs
gametes: sex cells fertilization: union of sperm and egg

Question 8

What are differentiation and pattern
formation?

Answer 8

differentiation: when cells assume specialized functions pattern formation: when genes determine overall shape and structure of the organisms body

Question 9

What are direct and indirect development?

Answer 9

direct development: when offspring does resemble adult indirect development: when offspring does not resemble adult

Question 10

What is the development sequence from zygote to
multicellular animal?

Answer 10

egg and sperm - diploid cell (zygote) - morula - blastula - gastrula

Question 11

What are blastocoel and archenteron?

Answer 11

blastocoel: cavity found in blastula archenteron: “mouth” of gatrula.

Question 12

What is
cleavage

Answer 12

when a fertilized egg is splitting into many smaller cells.

Question 13

At which stage of development do the three germ layers
appear?

Answer 13

gastrula

Question 14

What are the three layers, and what do they become?

Answer 14

1) mesoderm: everything else
2) endoderm: gut
3) ectoderm: skin and nervous system

Question 15

What is the path of sperm from the testes to the external environment?

Answer 15

testes- epididymis- vas deferens- urethra.

Question 16

testes

Answer 16

makes sperm

Question 17

epididymis

Answer 17

stores sperm

Question 18

vas deferens

Answer 18

tube that connects testes to outside environment

Question 19

urethra

Answer 19

carries sperms out of body

Question 20

What occurs in the seminiferous tubules?

Answer 20

procise location of the production of sperm

Question 21

Are spermatogonia, primary spermatocytes, secondary spermatocytes, and spermatids/sperm cells
diploid or haploid?

Answer 21

spermatogonia: diploid
primary spermatocytes: diploid
secondary spermatocytes: haploid spermatids/sperm cells: haploid

Question 22

What are the three parts of a mature sperm cell?

Answer 22

head, midpiece, tail

Question 23

What is the function of the acrosome
and mitochondria in a sperm cell?

Answer 23

1) holds digestive enzymes
2) makes the flagella move using atp

Question 24

When do human males start producing sperm?

Answer 24

puberty

Question 25

What is the path of a human egg from the ovary to the uterus?

Answer 25

ovary(makes eggs) - uterine tube(where fertilization occurs)- uterus(where embryo emplants itself)

Question 26

What is the function of the endometrium?

Answer 26

inner lining that protects the baby

Question 27

When do human females start producing primary oocytes?

Answer 27

in utero

Question 27

Where does fertilization (generally) occur?

Answer 27

uterine tube

Question 28

Are oogonia, primary oocytes, secondary oocytes, ova, and polar bodies diploid or haploid?

Answer 28

oogonia: diploid primary oocytes: Diploid secondary oocytes: haploid ova: haploid polar bodies: haploid

Question 29

What occurs during each of the three menstrual cycle phases

Answer 29

menstrual flow, proliferative, and secretory phases

Question 30

Approximately how long is each phase? of men cyc

Answer 30

men-3-7 pro-6-10 sec-14 days

Question 31

What occurs during each of the three phases of the ovarian cycle

Answer 31

follicular, ovulation, and luteal phases)

Question 32

Approximately how long is each phase?

Answer 32

folli: 14 days ovu: 1 day lut: 14 days

Question 33

pproximately how many primary oocytes are human females born with?

Answer 33

1 million

Question 34

Approximately how many secondary oocytes do human females release during their life?

Answer 34

about 400-500

Question 35

What is the function of a follicle and corpus luteum?

Answer 35

pre ovulation and post ovulation

Question 36

What are four differences between spermatogenesis and oogenesis?

Answer 36

1) sperm: testes, produces sperm, starts during puberty, produces a ton of product 2)oogen: ovaries, produces egg, starts before birth, produces not as much product