Chapter 34

Question 1

What are vertebrates?

Answer 1

Animals with a backbone

Question 1

What do amniotic eggs do?

Answer 1

Protect embryos, enable reproduction in terrestrial environments

Question 2

LOOK AT ENVIRONMENTAL DIAGREM AT THE START OF SLIDESHOW

Question 3

Chordates are:

Answer 3

Bilaterian, deuterosomes

Question 4

What invertebrates does chordata include?

Answer 4

Cephalochordata, Urochordoata, all vertebrates

Question 5

What do all chordates have?

Answer 5

Notochord, dorsal hollow nerve cord, pharangeal slits/gills, muscular post anal tail

Question 6

What are some distinguishing factors of vertebrates?

Answer 6

Skull and backbone have vertebrae, neural tube (cells in early embryo that give rise to teeth, bones, and cartilage)

Question 7

What are some characteristics of hagfishes and lampreys?

Answer 7

Jawless, cartilaginous vertebrae, ~30 species

Question 8

What are some characteristics of gnathosomes?

Answer 8

Vertebrates with jaws, hinged mouth with teeth, enhanced smell and vision, efficient swimmers

Question 9

Does the number of Hox genes vary amount groups?

Answer 9

Yes

Question 10

What’s included in Chondrichthyes? What are some traits?

Answer 10

Sharks, rays, skates, and relatives. Acite senses, can sense electricu current.

Question 11

What is in osteichthyes? What characteristics do they have?

Answer 11

Ray-finned and lobe fins (bony fish)

Question 12

What is the most numerous and diverse vertebrate group?

Answer 12

Ray finned fishes

Question 13

What are some characteristics of tetrapods?

Answer 13

Weight bearing limbs with digits, movable head and neck.

Question 14

Are birds tetrapods?

Answer 14

Yes

Question 15

What was the first known tetrapod? What groups did it have characteristics of?

Answer 15

Tiktaalik, fish and tetrapod

Question 16

What are some examples of amphibians?

Answer 16

Tetrapods, frogs and toads, salamanders

Question 17

What do amphibians go through in development?

Answer 17

Metamorphosis

Question 18

What environment do amphibians require? Why?

Answer 18

Moist, habitats, gas exchange, eggs (Unless behavioral adaptation)

Question 19

What are amnices? What are some examples?

Answer 19

Tetrapods with amniotic eggs, EG turtles, crocodiles, birds, etc.

Question 20

LOOK AT AMNIOTIC EGG DIAGRAM

Question 21

What are some features of the amniotic egg?

Answer 21

4 specialized membranes (Extraamniotic, ADD EACH ONE), protective shell

Question 22

What animals are included in the reptile clade? What are some characteristics of reptiles?

Answer 22

Birds, lizards, snakes, and birds.Shelled eggs and scales

Question 23

Where did snakes come from?

Answer 23

Descended from lizards with legs

Question 24

What are included in crocodilians? Where are they?

Answer 24

Alligators and crocodiles, warm regions

Question 25

Are birds endo or exothermic? What do they use a lot of energy for?

Answer 25

Endo, flight

Question 26

What are birds optimized for?

Answer 26

Flight

Question 27

What are mammals?

Answer 27

Amniotes that have hair and produce milk

Question 28

What are the 3 major groups of mammals?

Answer 28

Monotremes, marsupials, and placental mammals (Eutherians)

Question 29

What are some examples of monotremes? What distinguishes them from other mammals?

Answer 29

Platypus and echidna (shelled eggs)

Question 30

Where are most marsupials found? What distinguishes them from other mammals?

Answer 30

Australia, young develops in pouch while nursing

Question 31

What type of mammals are humans?

Answer 31

Eutherians

Question 32

What mammals fall into the primate order?

Answer 32

Lemurs, tarsiers, monkeys, apes

Question 33

What are derived characteristics of primates?

Answer 33

Grasping hands and geet, moveable, opposable thumbs, fingerprints, large brain, forward facing eyes

Question 34

What is a difference between new and old world monkeys?

Answer 34

New World have prehensile tails, old world don't

Question 35

When did humans evolve?

Answer 35

~200k years ago

Question 36

What are some hallmarks of humans?

Answer 36

Tool use, art, symbolic thought

Question 37

What are hominids?

Answer 37

Species that are more closely related to humans than chimpanzees

Question 38

When did austrolopiths walk upright? What's an example

Answer 38

3.5 million years ago, "Lucy"

Question 39

When did neanderthals live? What were some characteristics. How are we related? When did they go extinct

Answer 39

40k years ago, thick bones, prominent brow. We share a common anceter, 40-28 thousand years ago

Question 40

How old are the oldest human fossils?

Answer 40

195-160 k years ago

Question 41

When did humans come to the new world?

Answer 41

15 k years ago