Chapter 35

Question 1

Function of leaves

Answer 1

Provide surface area

Question 2

Function of stems

Answer 2

Support and elevate

Question 3

Function of roots

Answer 3

Anchor and absorb

Question 4

Function of dermal tissue

Answer 4

Protects organs

Question 5

Function of vascular tissue

Answer 5

Supports and transports

Question 6

Function of ground tissue

Answer 6

Carries out photosynthesis

Question 7

Function of photosynthetic cells

Answer 7

Contain chloroplasts

Question 8

Function of tube-shaped cells

Answer 8

Transport resources

Question 9

Function of cells with root hairs

Answer 9

Increase surface area

Question 10

Two different “systems” of plants

Answer 10

Root and shoot systems

Question 11

Shoots rely on …

Answer 11

Water and minerals absorbed by the root system

Question 12

Roots rely on …

Answer 12

Sugar produced by photosynthesis in the shoot system

Question 13

Functions of roots

Answer 13

Anchoring the plant, absorbing minerals and water, and storing carbs

Question 14

Types of roots

Answer 14

Primary root is the first to emerge, and then branches to form lateral roots

Question 15

Types of roots in tall vs small plants

Answer 15

Taproot , fibrous

Question 16

What do symbiotic interactions do?

Answer 16

Increase mineral absorption

Question 17

Prop roots

Answer 17

Above ground (corn)

Question 18

Storage roots

Answer 18

Store water and nutrients in the roots (beets)

Question 19

Pneumatophores roots

Answer 19

Low tide, exposes them to sunlight and oxygen

Question 20

“Strangling” roots

Answer 20

Grows around objects, grows up, and ends up killing the tree it surrounds

Question 21

What is a node?

Answer 21

Point at which the leaves are attached

Question 22

What are internodes?

Answer 22

Stem segments in between nodes

Question 23

What is the shoot tip or apical bud?

Answer 23

Causes elongation of a young shoot

Question 24

What is an axillary bud?

Answer 24

Has potential to form a lateral branch, thorn, or flower

Question 25

Stolons stem function

Answer 25

Strawberry stolons produce new individuals at nodes aboveground

Question 26

Rhizomes stem function

Answer 26

Rhizomes produce new individuals at nodes belowground and store carbs

Question 27

Tubers stems functions

Answer 27

Tubers such as potatoes store carbs such as starch

Question 28

Things that leaves do

Answer 28

Intercept light, exchange gases, dissipate heat, defend against herbivores and pathogens

Question 29

3 tissue systems of plants

Answer 29

Dermal, vascular, ground

Question 30

Epidermal cells

Answer 30

Secrete waxy cuticle which protects against pathogen and viruses

Question 31

Trichomes

Answer 31

Protective structures keep plant cool, protect against sunlight, minimize water loss, regulate gas exchange in shoots, toxins, or barbs to protect from herbivores

Question 32

What is the stomata?

Answer 32

Pores that allow co2 and o2 exchange between the air and photosynthetic cells in leaf ; each has 2 guard cells

Question 33

What do the stomata guard cells do?

Answer 33

Regulate the opening and closing

Question 34

What does vascular tissue do?

Answer 34

Facilitates transport of materials through the plant and provides mechanical support

Question 35

Two types of vascular tissue

Answer 35

Xylem and phloem

Question 36

Xylem def

Answer 36

Conducts water and dissolved minerals upward from the roots into the shoots

Question 37

Phloem def

Answer 37

Transports sugars from where they are made (primarily leaves) to storage structures or sites of growth

Question 38

2 types of water-conducting cells of the xylem

Answer 38

Tracheids and vessel elements

Question 39

Tracheids

Answer 39

Long thin cells with tapered ends ; water moves between them through pits (thin regions lacking cell wall)

Question 40

Vessel elements

Answer 40

Wider, shorter, thinner walled, less tapered, aligned end to end forming pipes (vessels) ; the end walls have perforation plates that enable water to flow freely through vessels

Question 41

Sieve cells vs sieve tubes

Answer 41

Sieve cells are in seedless vascular plants and gymnosperms ; sieve tubes are in angiosperms

Question 42

Ground tissue function

Answer 42

Includes cells specialized for storage, photosynthesis, support, and short-distance transport

Question 43

What are meristems

Answer 43

Unspecialized tissues composed of dividing cells ; apical and lateral (herbaceous plants only have apical)

Question 44

Apical meristems

Answer 44

Allow for primary growth, or elongation of shoots and roots

Question 45

3 primary meristems and what they produce

Answer 45

Protoderm (dermal tissue) ; ground meristem (ground tissue) ; procambium (vascular tissue)

Question 46

Ground tissue is primarily composed of …

Answer 46

Parenchyma cells

Question 47

What kind of cells strengthen and support the stem?

Answer 47

Colleen Hyman and sclerenchyma

Question 48

3 sections of growth

Answer 48

Zone of cell division, zone of elongation, and zone of differentiation or maturation

Question 49

Endodermis

Answer 49

Innermost layer of cortex ; regulates passage into and out of the vascular cylinder

Question 50

2 types of lateral meristems

Answer 50

Vascular cambium ; cork cambium

Question 51

Vascular cambium

Answer 51

Adds vascular tissue called secondary xylem and secondary phloem

Question 52

Cork cambium

Answer 52

Replaces the epidermis with thicker, tougher periderm

Question 53

Early wood

Answer 53

Spring ; thin cell walls to maximize water delivery

Question 54

Late wood

Answer 54

Summer ; thick-walled cells and contributes more to stem support