Chapter 35 Flashcards
(22 cards)
Henry Stimson
Secretary of War during War World II who trained 12 million soldiers and airmen, the purchase and transportation to battlefields of 30 percent of the nation’s industrial output and agreed to the building of the atomic bomb and the decision to use it.
A. Philip Randolph
America’s leading black labor leader who called for a march on Washington D.C. to protest factories’ refusals to hire African Americans, which eventually led to President Roosevelt issuing an order to end all discrimination in the defense industries.
Douglass MacArthur
American general, who commanded allied troops in the Pacific during World War II.
Chester W. Nimitz
A high-grade naval strategist who fought in the Battle of Midway under Admiral Raymond A. Spruance. All of the fighting was done by aircraft and victory ensued. He successfully took Japanese island strongholds in the Pacific by utilizing naval, air, and ground units.
Dwight D. Eisenhower
leader of the Allied forces in Europe during WW2–leader of troops in Africa and commander in DDay invasion-elected president-president during integration of Little Rock Central High School.
Jiang Jieshi ( Chaing Kai-shek )
The opposing person to Mao, who was in charge of the Nationalist Party. He dominated southwestern China, however in 1949, Mao got complete control of China. This person and his people fled to Taiwan, where the USA helped them set up a nationalist government.
Thomas E. Dewey
He was the Governor of New York (1943-1955) and the unsuccessful Republican candidate for the U.S. Presidency in 1944 and 1948. As a leader of the liberal faction of the Republican party he fought the conservative faction led by Senator Robert A. Taft, and played a major role in nominating Dwight D. Eisenhower for the presidency in 1952.
Harry S. Truman
Became president when FDR died; gave the order to drop the atomic bomb.
Albert Einstein
This 20th Century scientist revolutionized the way scientists thought about space, time and matter, the most notable being his theory of relativity.
War Production Board ( WPB )
During WWII, FDR established it to allocated scarce materials, limited or stopped the production of civilian goods, and distributed contracts among competing manufacturers.
Office of Price Administration ( OPA )
Instituted in 1942, this agency was in charge of stabilizing prices and rents and preventing speculation, profiteering, hoarding and price administration. The OPA froze wages and prices and initiated a rationing program for items such as gas, oil, butter, meat, sugar, coffee and shoes in order to support the war effort and prevent inflation.
WAACS
The “Women’s Army Axillary Corps”, an acronym given to reference women in the army. Women being in the army changed their roles in society and gained them new respect.
“Rosie the Riveter”
A propaganda character designed to increase production of female workers in the factories. It became a rallying symbol for women to do their part.
braceros
Mexican workers that were brought to America to work when so many men and women were gone from home during World War II that there weren’t enough workers.
Fair Employment Practices Commission
FDR issued this committee in 1941 to enforce the policy of prohibiting employment-related discrimination practices by federal agencies, unions, and companies involved in war-related work It guaranteed the employment of 2 million black workers in the war factories.
Casablanca Conference
Jan. 14-23, 1943 - FDR and Chruchill met in Morocco to settle the future strategy of the Allies following the success of the North African campaign. They decided to launch an attack on Italy through Sicily before initiating an invasion into France over the English Channel. Also announced that the Allies would accept nothing less than Germany’s unconditional surrender to end the war.
second front
the invasion of western Europe by the U.S ,British, and French in 1944. This invasion was to take presure off the Russians and divide the Germans. It was established by the D-Day Invasion.
Teheran Conference
December, 1943 - A meeting between FDR, Churchill and Stalin in Iran to discuss coordination of military efforts against Germany, they repeated the pledge made in the earlier Moscow Conference to create the United Nations after the war’s conclusion to help ensure international peace.
D-Day
June 6, 1944 - Led by Eisenhower, over a million troops (the largest invasion force in history) stormed the beaches at Normandy and began the process of re-taking France. The turning point of World War II.
Battle of the Bulge
December, 1944-January, 1945 - After recapturing France, the Allied advance became stalled along the German border. In the winter of 1944, Germany staged a massive counterattack in Belgium and Luxembourg which pushed a 30 mile “bulge” into the Allied lines. The Allies stopped the German advance and threw them back across the Rhine with heavy losses.
Potsdam Conference
The final wartime meeting of the leaders of the United States, Britain, and the Soviet Union was held at Potsdamn, outside Berlin, in July, 1945. Truman, Churchill, and Stalin discussed the future of Europe but their failure to reach meaningful agreements soon led to the onset of the Cold War.
Manhattan Project
Code name for the U.S. effort during World War II to produce the atomic bomb. Much of the early research was done in New York City by refugee physicists in the United States.
