Chapter 4

Question 1

It refers to the nature of all created things
which is the principle of their movements and
actions: chemical, biological, physiological or
rational.

Answer 1

NATURAL LAW

Question 2

It refers to the general view that moral rules
and principles are objective, absolute and
universal truths that can be discovered in the
nature of things and in the structure of life
itself through the use of reasoned reflection.

Answer 2

Natural Law

Question 3

They believed that “human beings have within
them a divine spark (logos spermatikos- ‘the
rational seed’) that enables them to discover
the essential eternal laws that governed the
whole cosmos that are necessary in the
attainment of individual happiness and social
harmony”.

Answer 3

NATURAL LAW ACCORDING TO THE STOICS

Question 4

The Stoics equated nature with law
and reason and taught that what was
important was to live a life according
to nature. They called this

Answer 4

Wisdom

Question 5

He believed that everything that exists in
nature serves some particular and specific purpose and that we can never fully
understand a thing until we understand what it
is for, or what its purpose for.

Answer 5

NATURAL LAW ACCORDING TO ARISTOTLE

Question 6

● 4 Basic ideas of Natural Law

Answer 6

1. Everything in nature has purpose.
2. Everything in nature has an essential
   nature
3. Everything in nature has its proper
   good.
4. Something’s natural purpose, its
   essential nature, and its proper good
   are intimately related.

Question 7

Law, in its broadest sense, is a “rule or norm
which governs nature and/or actions of things

Answer 7

Moral LAw

Question 8

It is also generally understood as “any
constant way of acting or reacting, any
directive rule of activity”

Answer 8

Moral Law

Question 9

defines law as “an ordinance of reason
for common good, promulgated by one who has the
care of the community”

Answer 9

Thomas Aquinas

Question 10

True or False
Law is an ordinance simply means it is a
command or directive emanating from a legitimate
authority

Answer 10

True

Question 11

True or False
Law is not just a request but a
command.

Answer 11

True

Question 12

Law must be Just true or nah

Answer 12

True

Question 13

True or False
law should not contradict in
essence to any higher law. It should also be
consistent within itself.

Answer 13

True

Question 14

Law can follow honesty

True or False

Answer 14

FALSE; IT MUST FOLLOW HONESTY AT ALL TIMES

Question 15

True or False :
A
law that is simply beyond the normal capacity
of an ordinary individual to fulfill is, strictly
speaking, not a law meant for humans but one
which is for angels

Answer 15

True

Question 16

Law IT MUST BE RELATIVELY PERMANENT

Answer 16

True

Question 17

True or False
THE NATURAL LAW IS NOT OBLIGATORY

Answer 17

False

Question 18

NATURAL LAW IS cannot be applied to all people regardless of
differences in culture, tradition, nationality,
religion, political beliefs, race, individual
temperaments, ethnicity, etc

Answer 18

False; THE NATURAL LAW IS UNIVERAL

Question 19

True or False
: THE NATURAL LAW HAS ITS PROPER
SANCTIONS

Answer 19

True

Question 20

THE NATURAL LAW IS IMMUTABLE OR
UNCHANGEABLE

Answer 20

True

Question 21

are those that relate to our character, that is,
to what kind of persons we ought to be

Answer 21

Formal Norms

Question 22

“Do good and avoid evil” - “Be honest” -
“Whatever you wish others do to you, do so to
them”

Answer 22

Formal Norms

Question 23

Making a promise,speech, killing, cheating,
honest, just to others

Answer 23

Material Norms

Question 24

The application of the formal norms to
individual concrete action

Answer 24

Material Norms

Question 25

An act that has good and bad effects is morally justified or permissible as long as certain conditions are met or satisfied.

Answer 25

PRINCIPLE OF DOUBLE EFFECT

Question 26

This principle applies to every human life, including the life of the unborn (fetus) that is still in the process of developing in the womb of the mother. It can never be sacrificed by whatever means or for whatever reasons

Answer 26

PRINCIPLE OF INVIOLABILITY

Question 27

The innocent person whose life is put in extreme risk by an intruder (who is hell-bent to seriously harm the prospective victim) in this case can apply the principle of forfeiture as an act of self-defense Even legally (provided that it is really proven beyond any reasonable doubt that you acted in genuine self-defense), your act is justified.

Answer 27

PRINCIPLE OF FORFEITURE

Question 28

It refers to the view that a part (of the human body, that is) exists for the good of the whole. This principle is often invoked when a particular part or organ of the human body has to be cut off, mutilated, or removed

Answer 28

PRINCIPLE OF TOTALITY

Question 29

The basis is on the religious belief that all life comes from God, the supreme creator and maker of all.

Answer 29

PRINCIPLE OF STEWARDSHIP

Question 30

This would imply that no individual person could claim that he or she is the owner of anything in the world and that of his or her own body. We humans are only given the power to take good care of creation and do not have sole authority to do whatever we want

Answer 30

PRINCIPLE OF STEWARDSHIP

Question 31

(Refers to a defensive kind of war) employed by a country under attack to protect itself is only justified under specific conditions.

Answer 31

The Just War Theory

Question 32

Include the “punishment for offenses or restoration of what was unjustly seized.” As such, wars that are waged to invade and subjugate a nation and its people are morally wrong and can never be justified

Answer 32

Just Cause

Question 33

This simply means that waging a war can never be a first and primary option of a country against another

Answer 33

Last Resort

Question 34

Risking thousands of lives is too great a price to pay for a war that does not have, from the very beginning a chance of winning

Answer 34

REASONABLE CHANCE OF SUCCESS

Question 35

Countries that decide to go to war should have the element of good faith. This means that one should only have good motive in waging the war.

Answer 35

GOOD INTENTION

Question 36

- For a war to be just and thus justified, it has to come from

Answer 36

LAWFUL AUTHORITY

Question 37

- The use of weapons of mass destruction, such as nuclear bombs, chemical or biological

Answer 37

Right use of means

Question 38

- Countries involved must only employ “ordinary” means in combat

Answer 38

RIGHT USE OF MEANS

Question 39

Since War necessarily involves violence, any violent response thereof must be directly

Answer 39

● PROPORTIONAL RESPONSE

Question 40

is defined as “unlawful uprising of citizens against their government.”

Answer 40

Rebellion

Question 41

“mutiny or disobedience to lawfully constituted authority

Answer 41

Coup d’ etat