Chapter 4

Question 1

disruptive transition

Answer 1

radical change in an industry brought about by the introduction of some new technology or product

Question 2

Acta Diurna

Answer 2

written on a tablet, an account of the deliberations of the Roman senate; an early “newspaper”

Question 3

corantos

Answer 3

one-page news sheets on specific events, printed in English but published in Holland and imported into England by British booksellers; an early “newspaper”

Question 4

diurnals

Answer 4

daily accounts of local news printed in 1620s England; forerunners of our daily newspaper

Question 5

broadsides (broadsheets)

Answer 5

early colonial newspapers imported from England, single-sheet announcements or accounts of events; also called broadsheets

Question 6

illiteracy

Answer 6

the inability to read or write

Question 7

Bill of Rights

Answer 7

the first 10 amendments to the U.S. Constitution

Question 8

First Amendment

Answer 8

“Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peacefully to assemble, and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances.”

Question 9

Alien and Sedition Acts

Answer 9

Congress making illegal the writing, publishing, or printing of “any false scandalous and malicious writing” about the president, Congress, or the U.S. government

Question 10

penny press

Answer 10

newspapers in the 1830s selling for one penny

Question 11

wire services

Answer 11

news-gathering organizations that provide content to members

Question 12

yellow journalism

Answer 12

early 20th-century journalism emphasizing sensational sex, crime, and disaster news

Question 13

newspaper chains

Answer 13

businesses that own two or more newspapers

Question 14

pass-along readership

Answer 14

measurement of publication readers who neither subscribe nor buy single copies but who borrow a copy or read one in a doctor’s office or library

Question 15

zoned editions

Answer 15

suburban or regional versions of metropolitan newspapers

Question 16

hyperlocal free weeklies

Answer 16

no-cost news and information outlets serving discrete locales within larger cities and towns

Question 17

ethnic press

Answer 17

papers, often in a foreign language, aimed at minority, immigrant, and non-English readers

Question 18

Brief history of newspapers

Answer 18

The earliest - Acta Diurna (on a tablet)

17th century roots, europes corantos

Colonial newspapers (broadsides or broadsheets)

1790 Bill of rights

Question 19

First Amendment Protections

Answer 19

Freedom of speech or of the press

Question 20

Penny Press and 4 ways it changes the industry

Answer 20

1. Annual subscription to one penny
2. Money support from subscription to ads
3. Political essays to new beats (courts, crime, arts)
4. Delivery from mail to street corner

Question 21

Wire services history

Answer 21

Associated press 1900, united press 1900, international news service 1909

Question 22

Yellow journalism

Answer 22

Sensationalist news (Joseph pulitzer), giant headlines, heavy use of illustrations, reliance on cartoons and color

Question 23

Newspaper competition and audiences

Answer 23

Radio - instant news
Television - engaging news
6 to 10 American adults read a daily news paper every week

Question 24

Newspaper industry - dailies, metro weeklies, and ethnic press

Answer 24

dailies - wall street journal, USA today, New York Times
Over 7,000 newspapers operate in the US, 17% are dailies, 77% are weeklies, and 8% are semiweekly

Question 25

Newspapers and advertising

Answer 25

Print ad revenues fell 62% from 2008 to 2018, 40% of all Americans read a print or online paper everyday, Newspapers are local

Question 26

Trends of convergence with the internet

Answer 26

There is fear that newspapers will fail to successfully combat print’s failing business model, as younger readers turn toward the internet and social media for news. The internet has proven most directly financially damaging to newspapers’ advertising business. Only 20% of Americans pay for an online news source. Hyper commercialization. Erosion of the firewall, the barrier between a paper’s editorial mission and its advertising mission. Sponsored content. Papers may abandon their journalistic mission. Vulture funds decimating editorial staff. Shrinking new shoe.

Question 27

changing readership

Answer 27

What happens to journalistic integrity when front pages are given over to topics that younger readers want? What kind of culture develops on soft news rather than hard news? What happens to journalistic integrity when front pages are given over to reports of starlets’ affairs, sports heroes’ retirements, and full-color photos of plane wrecks?

Question 28

alternative press

Answer 28

typically weekly, free papers emphasizing events listings, local arts advertising, and “eccentric” personal classified ads

Question 29

feature syndicates

Answer 29

clearinghouses for the work of columnists, cartoonists, and other creative individuals, providing their work to newspapers and other media outlets

Question 30

sponsored content

Answer 30

content that matches the form and function of an editorial but is, in fact, paid for by an advertiser

Question 31

newshole

Answer 31

the amount of space in a newspaper given to news

Question 32

engagement reporting

Answer 32

calling on citizens to solicit tips, find sources, and identify under-reported stories

Question 33

paywall

Answer 33

making online content available only to those visitors willing to pay

Question 34

micropayments

Answer 34

small payments for individual stories provided by an aggregator

Question 35

impressions

Answer 35

the number of times an online ad is seen

Question 36

integrated audience reach

Answer 36

total numbers of the print edition of a newspaper plus unduplicated Web readers

Question 37

click bait

Answer 37

Web content designed to attract ad impressions

Question 38

soft news

Answer 38

sensational stories that do not serve the democratic function of journalism

Question 39

hard news

Answer 39

news stories that help readers make intelligent decisions and keep up with important issues

Question 40

agenda setting

Answer 40

the theory that media may not tell us what to think but do tell us what to think about

Question 41

e-replica edition

Answer 41

an online version of a newspaper that mimics its print version in look and format

Question 42

What is the firewall?

Answer 42

The fire wall is the once inviolate barrier between newspapers’ editorial and advertising missions.

Question 43

Why is the newspaper an attractive medium for advertisers?

Answer 43

they continue to attract millions of print and online readers.

Question 44

What are the 6 different types of newspapers?

Answer 44

1. National Daily Newspapers 2. Large Metropolitan Dailies 3. Suburban and Small-Town Dailies 4. Weeklies and Semiweeklies 5. The Ethnic Press 6. The Alternative Press

Question 45

When did newspaper chains begin?

Answer 45

Hearst owned several big-city papers in the 1880s.

Question 46

The earliest known new publication was in roman times and called ____?

Answer 46

Acta Durma

Question 47

What was the first daily newspaper published in colonial america?

Answer 47

Publick Occurences Both Forreign and Domestick

Question 48

The creation of a wire service, the associated press, was significant because ___?

Answer 48

It was cheaper for newspapers to use the wire service instead of sending reporters out to remote locations

Question 49

What was the North Star?

Answer 49

The most significant african american newspaper before the civil war