Chapter 4

Question 1

Health enhancing

Answer 1

Actions people make that improve their health (being active and characteristics of a healthy diet)

Question 2

Health damaging

Answer 2

Actions people make that can damage their health (excessive drinking and tobacco use)

Question 3

Why is theory a best practice in health education & promotion?

Answer 3

• Theory helps organize various forms of knowledge (data, facts, and information) so that they take on meaning that would not occur if the pieces of knowledge were presented in isolation.
• Theory helps education specialist plan, implement and evaluate programs.
• Using theory is consistent with using evidence based interventions in public health.

Question 4

Behavior change theory

Answer 4

Behavior change theories provide a platform for understanding why people engage in health risk or health compromising behaviors, and why they adopt health protected behaviors.

Question 5

Program planning models

Answer 5

• Program planning, models help guide the practice of health educators.
• Program planning models implement and evaluate programs

Question 6

Socio-ecological model

Answer 6

• A multilevel interactive approach that examines how physical social, political, economic and cultural dimensions, influence behaviors and conditions.
• the model was created to understand human development.

Question 7

Intrapersonal

Answer 7

Individual characteristics that influence behavior such as knowledge, attitudes, believes, and personality traits.

Question 8

Interpersonal

Answer 8

Interpersonal processes and primary groups including family, friends, and peers that provide social identity, support, and role.

Question 9

Organizational

Answer 9

Rules, regulations, policies, and informal structures which may constrain or promote recommended behaviors

Question 10

Community

Answer 10

Social networks and norms, or standards which exist as formal or informal among individuals, groups, and organizations

Question 11

Public policy

Answer 11

Local, state, and federal policies and laws that regulate or support healthy actions and practices for disease prevention, early detection, control and management

Question 12

Physical environment

Answer 12

Natural and built environment

Question 13

Culture

Answer 13

Shared beliefs, values, behaviors, and practices of a population

Question 14

Health Belief Model

Answer 14

• Addresses a persons perception of the threat of a health problem and the accompanying appraisal of a recommended behavior for preventing or managing a problem
• developed by a group of psychologists in 1950 to help explain why people used or did not use health services

Question 15

Cues to action

Answer 15

The stimulus needed to trigger the decision-making process to accept a recommended health action

Question 16

Perceived susceptibility

Answer 16

Belief about the chances of getting a disease or condition

Question 17

Perceived seriousness

Answer 17

• The negative consequences and individual associates with an event or outcome such as diagnosis of cancer.
• these consequences may relate to an anticipated event that may occur in the future, or to a current situation that were difficult or troubling to the individual, and we’re described by respondents and narrative forms, such as pre-existing health problem

Question 18

Perceived threat

Answer 18

A situation that is difficult or troubling to a person

Question 19

Perceived benefits

Answer 19

Belief about the positive outcomes associated with a behavior in response to a real or perceived threat

Question 20

Perceived barriers

Answer 20

A persons estimation of the level of challenge of social, personal, environmental, and economics obstacles to a specified behavior or their desired goal status on that behavior

Question 21

Reduction of threat

Answer 21

The difference between the benefits of and the benefits of something specific

Question 22

Self-efficacy

Answer 22

One’s confidence to do a skill or task and to overcome barriers

Question 23

Theory of planned behavior

Answer 23

Individuals intention to perform a given behavior, which is a function of their attitude toward performing the behavior, their believes about what relevant others think they should do, and their perception of the ease or difficulty of performing the behavior

Question 24

Attitude toward the behavior

Answer 24

Have a positive attitude toward quitting

Question 25

Subjective norm

Answer 25

Think that others whom they value believe it would be good for them to quit

Question 26

Perceived behavioral control

Answer 26

Be aware that they have control over whether or not they quit

Question 27

Actual behavioral control

Answer 27

Have the skills, resources, and other prerequisites needed to quit

Question 28

Trans-theoretical model of change

Answer 28

The theory that intentional behavior change “occurs in stages”

Question 29

Precontemplation stage

Answer 29

The stage at which there is no intention to change behavior in the future

Question 30

Contemplation stage

Answer 30

Intending to start healthy behavior in the future

Question 31

Preparation stage

Answer 31

The stage in which individuals intend to take steps to change, usually within the next month

Question 32

Action stage

Answer 32

• The stage in which people have made specific changes in their lifestyles within the past six months.
• Because action is observable, The overall process of behavior change often has been equated with action.

Question 33

Maintenance stage

Answer 33

The stage in which people work to prevent relapse and combine the gains attainted during action

Question 34

Termination

Answer 34

The time when individuals who made a change now have zero temptation to return to their old behavior

Question 35

What are the 5 elements common to all program planning models?

Answer 35

1. Needs assessment
2. Setting goals and objectives
3. Developing an intervention
4. Implementing an intervention
5. Evaluating an intervention

Question 36

Needs assessment

Answer 36

Collecting and analyzing data to determine the health needs of a population; setting priorities and selecting a priority population

Question 37

Setting goals and objectives

Answer 37

What will be accomplished

Question 38

Developing an intervention

Answer 38

How goals and objectives will be achieved

Question 39

Implementing intervention

Answer 39

Putting interventions into action

Question 40

Evaluating an intervention

Answer 40

Improving quality and determine effectiveness