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HHD 3/4 > Chapter 4 > Flashcards

Chapter 4 Flashcards

1
Q

Risk Factors

A

detrimental to health eg – smoking, lack of exercise

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2
Q

Protective Factors

A

enhance good health eg – balanced diet, supportive family

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3
Q

Biological Factors

A

Relates to the structure of the cells, tissues and systems of the body and how well they adequately function

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4
Q

Examples of Biological Factors (Blood-Related)

A
  • Blood pressure
  • Blood Cholesterol Levels
  • Blood Glucose
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5
Q

Examples of Biological Factors (Weight-Related)

A
  • Body Weight
  • Birth Weight
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6
Q

Examples of Biological Factors (Genetics-Related)

A
  • Sex
  • Predisposition to disease
  • Hormones
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7
Q

Sociocultural Factors

A

Relate to the social and cultural conditions into which people are born, grow, live, work and age

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8
Q

Mnemonic for Socialcultural factors

A

Social Experiences Cause Further Under Achivement

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9
Q

Social in Social Experiences Cause Further Under Achivement

A
  • Social isolation
  • Social exclusion
  • Social connectedness
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10
Q

Experiences in Social Experiences Cause Further Under Achivement

A

Early life experiences

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11
Q

Cause in Social Experiences Cause Further Under Achivement

A

Culture

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12
Q

Further in Social Experiences Cause Further Under Achivement

A

Food security

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12
Q

Achievement in Social Experiences Cause Further Under Achivement

A

Access to health care

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12
Q

Environmental factors

A

Relates to the natural and built physical features in which we live, work and play

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12
Q

Mnemonic for environmental factors

A

Good Houses Increase Working Conditions

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12
Q

Good in Good Houses Increase Working Conditions

A

Geographic location

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13
Q

Houses in Good Houses Increase Working Conditions

A

Housing

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13
Q

Increase in Good Houses Increase Working Conditions

A

Infrastructure

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13
Q

Working in Good Houses Increase Working Conditions

A

Work environment

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13
Q

Conditions in Good Houses Increase Working Conditions

13
Q

Hypertension risk factor for:

A
  • CVD
  • Stroke
  • Kidney failure
13
Q

Risk Factors for hypertension:

A
  • High body mass
  • Lack of physical activity
  • Stress
  • Smoking
  • Excessive alcohol consumption
  • Genetic predisposition
  • High sodium diet
13
Q

High LDL Cholesterol is a biological risk factor for:

A
  • CVD
  • Heart attack
  • Stroke
14
Q

Risk Factors for high blood cholesterol:

A
  • Excessive alcohol intake
  • Smoking
  • Diet high in saturated fat or trans fats
  • Lack of exercise
  • Genetic predisposition
14
Impaired insulin resistance is a biological risk factor for:
* Type 2 diabetes * Kidney disease * Unhealing wounds in feet * CVD
15
Risk Factors for insulin resistant:
* Genetic predisposition * Lack of exercise * Smoking * Being overweight (particularly around abdomen) * Diet high in fat, particularly trans fats * Excessive alcohol consumption
16
Low birth weight is a biological risk factor for: (as a baby)
* underdeveloped immune system – more susceptible to infection * Premature death and significant disabilities including speech and learning disabilities
17
Low birth weight is a biological risk factor for: (as an adult)
* High blood pressure * Type 2 diabetes * CVD
18
Risk Factors for low birth weight:
* Premature birth * Age of mother (under 15 and over 45 years) * Mother’s nutritional status * Smoking and alcohol during pregnancy * Illness of mother when pregnant
19
Genetics - Sex (Males)
* Can’t get ovarian cancer * Increase in CVD * Increase in Risk Taking Behaviour
20
Genetics - Sex (Females)
* Can’t get prostate or testicular cancer * More likely to get breast cancer, and stroke
21
Testosterone is responsible for
* Sperm production * Male sex characteristics * Risk-taking behaviours * Aggression * Bone Density is maintained
22
Estrogen is responsible for
* Regulates the menstrual cycle * Maintains bone density in females * After menopause oestrogen levels decrease. Thus leading to osteoporosis * Protective role for CVD – that is why females CVD at older age * Fat deposited on thighs and buttocks – after menopause more fat deposited around the abdomen
23
Housing affecting h&w
* Infectious diseases in unclean housing * Overcrowding -> no personal space * Pollutants ie. tobacco smoke -> asthma
24
Geographic location affecting h&w
* Distance to hc * Distance to fast food
25
Work Environment affecting h&w
* UV exposure * Hazchem * Accidents
26
Infrastructure affecting h&w
* PT * Roads * Clean Water and Sanitiation
27
Climate and CC affecting h&w
* Temps * Sea Levels * Natural disasters
28
Socioeconomic status
Social standing of an individual compared to others in the society. It is based on IOE (income, occupation, education).
29
Unemployment
- Suicide rates, lung cancer, cardiovascular disease rates higher than employed. - Unemployment and Ill health play into one another. - financial distress. - Stress and anxiety
30
Social connections
Bonds between an individual, relatives, friends and acquaintances who participate in the society in which they live.
31
Social Exclusion leads to:
* Poor physical and mental health * Homelessness * Discrimination
32
Social exclusion
- Opposite of Social connectedness - segregated from ppl or society. feeling disconnected.
33
Social Isolation
Refers to not being in contact with others factors include: - Geographical Location. - Disablity. - Lack of transport. - communication barriers.
34
Social Isolation leads to:
Feel they have no one to turn to – thus contribute to mental health problems, depression and stress.
35
Food Security
The state in which all persons can obtain nutritionally adeuqtae, culturally appropiate, safe food from local non-emergency sources.
36
Affecting food security:
Live too far away from fresh produce Unable to afford nutrient dense foods High food security can lead to obesity and type 2 diabetes Low Food security can lead to deficiency diseases
37
Early Life experiences:
* Maternal smoking -> asthma * Low Birth Weight -> CVD * Emotional stimulation -> positive exhibition of emotions
38
Factors that affect access to culturally appropriate health care
Limiting factors: - Geographical Locations - Lack of Health literacy - Culture - Low SES

HHD 3/4 (12 decks)

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