chapter 4 Flashcards
(19 cards)
risk aversion
people are more affected by possible losses than possible gains
temporal discounting
what happens right now matters more than what may happen in the future when making decisions
certainty affect
the tendency to place too much emphasis on definite outcomes
error management theory
people make decisions to avoid the costliest type of error, but men’s worst error isn’t the same as women’s
status quo bias
preference to keep things the same instead of changing
omission bias
taking whichever course of action doesn’t require you to do anything
reactance theory
people like to have freedom of choice, so they react badly when choices are taken from them
like reverse psychology, ppl want something more when they can’t have it
entity vs incremental theorists
entity theorists think traits are fixed and stable
incremental theorists think they’re subject to change or improvement
learned helplessness
to stop trying or give up after failure
self determination theory
at least some of peoples activities must be motivated by inner drives and choices rather than external forces
panic button effect
if you believe you have an escape option it reduces stress
the zeigarnik effect
automatic intrusive thoughts about a goal whose pursuit has been interrupted
goal shielding
your mind sets priorities to pursue the more important goals and needs to keep the others from distracting you
planning fallacy
believing your thing will go as planned while knowing most similar things haven’t gone as planned
self-regulation
the selfs capacity to alter its own responses
aka self-control
3 components of effective self-regulation
standards, monitoring, and capacity for change
decision fatigue
you use your your energy on earlier choices so you take the easy way out on later ones
self defeating behavior
when people do things to bring failure or misfortune on themselves
the capacity to delay gratification
the ability to make immediate sacrifices for later rewards
