chapter 4 Flashcards
(21 cards)
Classical conditioning
Learner is passive
Behaviour is involuntary and a emotion or a reflex
The behaviour occurs after the stimulus
Positive reinforcement
Future behaviour will increase
Adding a desired stimulus such as money or a treat
Negative reinforcement
Future behaviour will increase
Removing an undesired stimulus
Positive punishment
Future behaviour will decrease
Adding an undesired stimulus
Negative punishment
Future behaviour will decrease
Removing a desired stimulus
Operant conditioning
The consequence of a behaviour determines the likelihood that it will reoccur
- The learner is ACTIVE
- The behaviour is VOLUNTARY
- Stimulus occurs AFTER the response
The behaviour occurs BEFORE the consequence
Differences between operant and classical conditioned
operant- the learner is active CC- the learner is passive
oc- behaviour is voluntary cc-behaviour is involuntary
oc- behaviour comes before the stimulus cc- the behaviour occurs after the stimulus
Observational learning
ARRMR
Attention, Retention, Reproduction, Motivation, Reinforcement
Attention OL
The learner must ACTIVELY WATCH the behaviour being observed (model)
Retention OL
The learner holds a mental representation of the behaviour by model
Reproduction OL
The learner must have PHYSICAL + MENTAL ability to copy what has been observed
Motivation OL
The learner must want to copy the learnt behaviour. This will depend on the consequences
Reinforcement OL
The prospect of a positive reward will increase the likelihood that the behaviour will be copied
Role of the model in OL
The person being observed is the model
The more similar the learner is to the model the more likely the learner will pay attention
OC + OL similarities
learner is active
consequences
OC + OL differences
Direct vs Indirect
Aboriginal approaches
SAC operant conditioning
antecedent- Petrol rag hidden
Behaviour- DOg finds/sniffs out petrol on a rag
Consequence Play which is a postitive reinforcement as the trainer is adding a desired stimulus.
Future- increase the likelihood of dog sniffing out petrol again in the future.
CC & OC similarities
Both are behaviourist approaches to
learning.
3 phase learning
Behavourist approach to learning
CC OC
Social-cognitive approach to learning
OL
