Chapter 4 Flashcards
(21 cards)
What is a strong electrolyte?
A strong electrolyte dissociates completely when dissolved in water. The solution conducts electricity.
What is a weak electrolyte?
A weak electrolyte only dissociates partially when dissolved in water.
Which combinations of ions will dissolve?
A list of solubility rules is used to decide what combination of ions will dissolve.
How to predict whether a precipitate forms when strong electrolytes are mixed?
Note the ions present in the reactants, consider the possible cation-anion combinations, use solubility table to determine if any of the combinations is insoluble.
What is a molecular equation?
The molecular equation lists the reactants and products without indicating the ionic nature of the compounds. The only indication of the overall reaction is the states of matter given.
What is the complete ionic equation?
In the complete ionic equation all strong electrolytes (strong acids, strong bases, and soluble ionic salts) are dissociated into their ions.
What is the net ionic equation?
To form the net ionic equation, cross out anything that does not change from the left side of the equation to the right.
What are spectator ions?
The ions crossed out are called spectator ions.
What is the difference between strong and weak acids?
Strong acids completely dissociate in water; weak acids only partially dissociate.
What is the difference between strong and weak bases?
Strong bases dissociate to metal cations and hydroxide anions in water; weak bases only partially react to produce hydroxide anions.
Why do we use oxidation numbers?
To determine if an oxidation–reduction reaction has occurred, we assign an oxidation number to each element in a neutral compound or charged entity.
Which atoms have an oxidation number of zero?
Atoms in their elemental form have an oxidation number of zero.
When is the oxidation number the same as its charge?
The oxidation number of a monatomic ion is the same as its charge.
What oxidation numbers do nonmetals have?
Nonmetals usually have negative oxidation numbers, although they sometimes can be positive.
What is the sum of the oxidation numbers in a neutral compound?
The sum of the oxidation numbers in a neutral compound is zero.
What is the sum of the oxidation numbers in a polyatomic ion?
The sum of the oxidation numbers in a polyatomic ion is the charge on the ion.
What are displacement reactions?
Oxidation of metals by acids and salts.
What happens in displacement reactions?
In displacement reactions, ions oxidize an element.
How do you find molality?
Molarity (M) = moles of solute / volume of solution in liters
How does molarity interact with volume?
Molarity can also be used as a conversion factor between moles and liters.
How do you dilute a solution?
Mc x Vd = Md x Vd
