Final Exam Flashcards by Sofia Garcia

What is the formula for density?

D = m/v

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

How many grams in a kilogram?

1000 grams.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

How do you calculate atomic mass?

Convert each percent of abundance to a decimal.
Multiply each percent by the mass.
Add the masses together.
Round.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

How do you find the amount of a type of atom in a number of molecules?

See how many atoms of that element there are in one molecule and multiply it by the number of molecules.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is a combination reaction?

Multiple reactants combine to form a single product.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is a single-replacement reaction?

One element replaces another in a compound.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is a decomposition reaction?

A single reactant breaks down into multiple products.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is a double displacement reaction?

Ions of two different compounds switch places.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is a combustion reaction?

A substance rapidly reacts with an oxidant, usually oxygen, to produce heat and light.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

How do you balance an equation?

Find the charge of each reactant and make it so they cancel each other out by changing the coefficients.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is a molecular equation?

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is a complete ionic equation?

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is a net ionic equation?

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

How do you find specific heat capacity?

c = Q / (m x ΔT)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is Q?

Heat applied.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is m?

Mass.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is ΔT?

The change in temperature.
(final - initial)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is atomic radius?

The size of the atom.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

When does atomic radius decrease?

It decreases across a row left to right due to increased nuclear charge pulling valence electrons in outer energy level closer to the nucleus.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

When does atomic radius increase?

Radius increases down a row due to increased shielding, reducing attraction of valence electrons to nucleus and making atom larger.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What are the rules for atomic radius in ions?

The one with the highest negative charge will have the largest atomic radius, and the one with the highest positive charge will have the smallest atomic radius.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

How to find valence electrons?

Count how many over the element is. If there is a positive charge, deduct that number of electrons. If there is a negative charge, add that number of electrons.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

How do you determine oxidation number?

Find the charges of every element in a molecule possible, and determine what the missing number would be.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What does it mean when molecular geometry is linear?

There are 2 bonding pairs.

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What does it mean when molecular geometry is trigonal planar?

There are 3 bonding pairs.

What does it mean when molecular geometry is bent?

There are 2 bonding pairs and 1 lone pair or 2 bonding pairs and 2 lone pairs.

What does it mean when molecular geometry is trigonal pyramidal?

There are 3 bonding pairs and 1 lone pair.

What does it mean when 5 domain molecular geometry is see saw?

There are 5 bonding pairs.

What does it mean when 5 domain molecular geometry is t-shaped?

There are 3 bonding pairs and 2 lone pairs.

What does it mean when 5 domain molecular geometry is linear?

There are 2 bonding pairs and 3 lone pairs.

What does it mean when 6 domain molecular geometry is octahedral?

There are 6 bonding pairs.

What does it mean when 6 domain molecular geometry is square pyramidal?

There are 5 bonding pairs and 1 lone pair.

What does it mean when 6 domain molecular geometry is square planar?

There are 4 bonding pairs and 2 lone pairs.

What does it mean for a molecule to be polar?

It's bond dipoles are not symmetrical.

What does it mean for a molecule to be nonpolar?

The bond dipoles cancel, l.e., equal and/or arranged symmetrically around the center.

How do you tell the electronegativity of an atom?

Electronegativity generally increases as you move from left to right across the periodic table and up a group.

What is the ideal gas law?

PV = nRT

How to use the ideal gas law to find temperature of a sample?

T = PV / nR

What is P?

Pressure in atm.

What is V?

Volume in liters.

What is n?

Moles.

What is R?

Gas constant: 0.0821

What is T?

Temperature.

How to convert Celsius to kelvin?

Add 273.

How do you use ideal gas law to find moles?

n = PV / RT

How do you convert torr to atm?

Divide pressure by 760.

How do you find the mass of a mole?

mass = moles x molar mass

In Boyle's Law, P1V1 = P2V2, what remains constant?

In Boyle's Law, P1V1 = P2V2, the value of PV stays constant.

In avogadros law, V1/n1 = V2/n2, what remains constant?

In avogadros law, V1/n1 = V2/n2 , the value of V/n remains constant

What is the energy required to expand the surface area of a liquid by a unit amount of area?

Surface tension.

How do you determine empirical formula?

1. Divide percentages by molar mass of each atom. 2. The result become the subscript of the formula. 3. Divide all the subscripts by the smallest of them. 4. This becomes the empirical formula.

How do you determine the molecular formula?

1. Take the empirical formula. 2. Add up the total molar mass taking the subscripts into account. 3. Divide the total molar mass of the given formula by the molar mass of the empirical formula. 4. Multiply the empirical formula’s subscripts by the result.

How to calculate theoretical yield?

1. Balance the chemical equation. 2. Find the moles of each reactant. 3. Find the limiting reactant. 4. Multiply the limiting reactant by the mole ratio. 5. Multiply the mass of the limiting reactant by the total moles divided by the moles of the limiting reactant. 6. This is moles produced of the product. 7. Take moles produced by the product and multiply it by its molar mass. 8. This is the theoretical yield.

How to calculate percent yield?

Pecent yield is actual yield divided theoretical yield and then multiplied by 100%.

What is the Rhydberg equation?

E = RH (1/ni^2 - 1/nf^2)

What is RH?

RH = 2.179 × 10 ^ -18 J

How do you calculate wavelength?

E = H (c / λ)

What is E?

Energy in Joules.

What is H?

Planck's constant, 6.626 × 10^-34

What is λ?

Wavelength.

What is c?

3.00x10^8

How do you convert m to nm?

1 m x 10^9 nm

What does it mean when the electron pair geometry is linear?

There are 2 domains.

What does it mean when the electron pair geometry is trigonal planar?

There are 3 domains.

What does it mean when the electron pair geometry is tetrahedral?

There are 4 domains.

What does it mean when the electron pair geometry is trigonal bipyramidal?

There are 5 domains.

What does it mean when the electron pair geometry is octahedral?

There are 6 domains.

How to find simplified electron configuration?

Find number of electrons, add or subtract if necessary based on negative or positive charge respectively. Find closest noble gas. Simplest configuration is right.

A typical double bond..

consists of four shared electrons.

How to find neutrons?

Subtract protons from mass number.

Final Exam Flashcards

(70 cards)