Chapter 4

Question 0

Head-sparing

Answer 0

Biological mechanism that protects the brain when malnutrition disrupts body growth.

Question 1

Percentile

Answer 1

A percentile is a number that indicates the rank of the person compared with that of other similar people.

Question 2

REM sleep

Answer 2

Rapid eye movement sleep, dreaming, rapid brain waves.

Question 3

Slow-wave sleep

Answer 3

Quiet sleep, increases at 3-4 months.

Question 4

Co-sleeping

Answer 4

Custom of parents and children sleeping in same room.

Question 5

Neuron

Answer 5

The billions of nerve cells in the central nervous system.

Question 6

Cortex

Answer 6

The outer layers of the brain.

Question 7

Regional Specialization

Answer 7

Occurs for motor skills and senses and particular aspects of cognition.

Cortex

Question 8

Axon

Answer 8

A fiber that extends from a neuron and transmits electrochemical impulses from that neuron to the dendrites of other neurons.

Question 9

Dendrite

Answer 9

A fiber that extends from a neuron and receives electrochemical impulses transmitted from other neurons via their axons.

Question 10

Synapse

Answer 10

The intersection between the axon of one neuron and the dendrites of other neurons.

Question 11

Neurotransmitter

Answer 11

A brain chemical that carries information from the axon of a sending neuron to the dendrites of a receiving neuron.

Question 12

Transient Exuberence

Answer 12

The great but temporary increase in the number of else frites in an infant’s brain from birth to age 2. It enables neurons to connect and communicate with other neurons.

Question 13

Experience-expectant

Answer 13

Require basic common experiences in to develop normally (i.e. People who love them)

Question 14

Experience-dependent

Answer 14

These happen to some infants but not all, not necessary for brain function (i.e. Language baby hears)

Question 15

Language imitation

Answer 15

Melody patterns of infant cries follow the imitation patterns of their native language.

Question 16

Prefrontal cortex

Answer 16

The area for anticipation, planning and impulses.

Question 17

Shaken baby syndrome

Answer 17

A life-threatening injury occurring when an infant is forcefully shaken back and forth, rupturing blood vessels and breaking neural connections.

Question 18

Self-righting

Answer 18

Inborn drive to fix a developmental deficit.

Question 19

Sensation

Answer 19

The response of a sensory system when it detects a stimulus.

Question 20

Perception

Answer 20

The mental processing of sensory information when the brain interprets a sensation, takes place on the cortex.

Question 21

Binocular vision

Answer 21

The ability to coordinate the two eyes to see one image.

Question 22

Gross motor skills

Answer 22

Physical abilities involving large body movements (i.e. crawling)

Question 23

Fine motor skills

Answer 23

Physical abilities involving small body movements, especially the hands and fingers (i.e. drawing)