Chapter 5

Question 0

Primary Circular Reactions

Answer 0

First of three feedback loops: involves the infant’s responses to it body.

Question 1

Sensorimotor Intelligence

Answer 1

The way indents think-by using their senses and motor skills during the 1st period of cognitive development. Primary Circulator Reactions

Question 2

Stage 1

Answer 2

Stage of reflexes

Question 3

Stage 2

Answer 3

Stage of first habits

Question 4

Secondary Circulatory Reactions

Answer 4

Second type of feedback loop: involves responses to people and objects.

Question 5

Stage 3

Answer 5

Making interesting events lost

Question 6

Stage 4

Answer 6

New adaptation and anticipation

Question 7

Object Permenance

Answer 7

The realization that objects still exist when they can no longer be seen touched or heard. Secondary Circular Reactions.

Question 8

Tertiary Circular Reactions

Answer 8

Third type of feedback loop: active exploration and experimentation.

Question 9

Stage 5

Answer 9

New means through active experimentation.

Question 10

Stage 6

Answer 10

Anticipate and solve problems by using mental combinations.

Question 11

Differed Imitation

Answer 11

When infants copy behavior they noticed hours or days earlier.

Question 12

Habituation

Answer 12

The process of getting used to an object or event through repeated exposure to it.

Question 13

FMRI

Answer 13

Used to locate neurological responses to stimuli.

Question 14

EEG

Answer 14

Measures electric activity in cortex.

Question 15

ERP

Answer 15

Event related potential: notes amplitude and frequency of electrical activity.

Question 16

PET

Answer 16

Like fMRI but requires injection of dye.

Question 17

Information-processing theory

Answer 17

Theorists believe that a step-by-step description of the mechanisms of thought adds insight to our understanding of cognition at every age.

Question 18

Affordences

Answer 18

The environment affords opportunities for interactions with what is perceived.

Question 19

Visual cliff

Answer 19

Designed to provide the illusion of a sudden drop-off between one horizontal surface and another.

Question 20

Dynamic Perception

Answer 20

Focuses on movement and change.

Question 21

People’s preference

Answer 21

An innate attraction to other humans.

Question 22

Implicit memory

Answer 22

Remains hidden until a stimulus brings it to mind.

Question 23

Explicit Memory

Answer 23

Can be recalled on demand with words

Question 24

Child-directed speech

Answer 24

The high-pitched simplified and repetitive way adults speak to infants (baby talk)

Question 25

Babbling

Answer 25

Extended repetition of certain syllables beginning at 6-9 months.

Question 26

Language development

Answer 26

1. babbling 2. one-word stage 3. two-word stage

Question 27

One word stage

Answer 27

Beginning in or around his first birthday a child starts to speak one word at a time and is able to make family members understand him.

Question 28

Holophrase

Answer 28

A single word that is used to express a complete thought.

Question 29

Naming explosion

Answer 29

Sudden increase in an infants vocabulary beginning at 18 months.

Question 30

Two-word stage

Answer 30

Before the second year a child starts to speak two-word sentences.

Question 31

Complete sentences

Answer 31

Words come together to form sentences with nouns verbs adjectives and adverbs. Two word stage.

Question 32

Theory 1 of Language Learning

Answer 32

Infants need to be taught

Question 33

Theory 2 of language learning

Answer 33

Social-pragmatic: infants communicate in every way they can because humans are social beings.

Question 34

Hybrid theory

Answer 34

Some aspects of language may be explained by one theory at one age and another theory at another age.