Chapter 4

Question 1

Nutrients and oxygen are transferred from a mother to her developing fetus through the:

Answer 1

placenta

Question 2

The most immediate and direct function of the rooting reflex is the facilitation of:

Answer 2

food consumption.

Question 3

Infants’ tendency to gaze longer at novel stimuli than at familiar ones provides compelling evidence regarding their:

Answer 3

memory capacities.

Question 4

The importance of schemas was most clearly highlighted by:

Answer 4

Piaget’s cognitive development theory.

Question 5

Two closed, pyramid-shaped beakers containing clearly identical amounts of a liquid are suddenly judged by a child to hold different amounts after one of the beakers is inverted. The child apparently lacks a:

Answer 5

concept of conservation.

Question 6

A child’s realization that others may have beliefs which the child knows to be false best illustrates the development of:

Answer 6

a theory of mind.

Question 7

The process of imprinting occurs during a brief developmental phase known as:

Answer 7

a critical period.

Question 8

Although 3-year-old Adam happily explores the attractive toys located in the dentist’s waiting room, he periodically returns to his mother’s side for brief moments. Adam most clearly displays signs of:

Answer 8

secure attachment.

Question 9

“I don’t care whether you want to wash the dishes, you will do so because I said so!” This statement is most representative of a(n) ________ parenting style.

Answer 9

authoritarian

Question 10

Mark believes that choosing to violate government laws is morally justifiable if it is done to protect the lives of innocent people. Kohlberg would suggest that this illustrates ________ morality.

Answer 10

postconventional

Question 11

Jessica acts so differently with her parents than with her girlfriends that she often thinks her personality is completely phony. Erik Erikson would have suggested that Jessica is experiencing:

Answer 11

role confusion.

Question 12

Compared to a century ago, menarche occurs ________ in life and adult independence begins ________ in life.

Answer 12

earlier; later

Question 13

A reduction in estrogen levels is most closely associated with:

Answer 13

menopause.

Question 14

People differ the most in their learning and memory abilities during:

Answer 14

later adulthood.

Question 15

A researcher who administers a personality test to the same children every 3 years as they progress through school is conducting a(n) ________ study.

Answer 15

longitudinal

Question 16

By a week after birth, infants are able to distinguish between their mothers’ and strangers’:

Answer 16

body odors.