Chapter 4

Question 0

perception

Answer 0

The process of organizing and interpreting sensory information

Question 1

sensation

Answer 1

The stimulation of sensory receptors and the transmission of sensory information to the brain

Question 2

absolute threshold

Answer 2

The smallest amount of a particular stimulus that can be detected

Question 3

difference threshold

Answer 3

The minimum difference that an individual can detect between two stimuli

Question 4

Signal detection theory

Answer 4

The idea extinguishing sensory stimuli takes into account not only the strength of the stimuli but also such elements such as setting and once physical state mood and attitude

Question 5

sensory adaptation

Answer 5

The process by which an organism becomes more sensitive to stimuli that are low in magnitude and less sensitive to stimuli that are constant

Question 6

pupil

Answer 6

The opening in the center of the eye that adjusts to allow light to enter

Question 7

lens

Answer 7

The transparent structure of the eye that focuses light on the retina

Question 8

retina

Answer 8

The light-sensitive inner surface of the eye that contains rods cones and neurons that process visual stimuli

Question 9

photoreceptors

Answer 9

neurons that respond to light

Question 10

blind spot

Answer 10

the part of the retina that contains no photoreceptors

Question 11

Visual acuity

Answer 11

Keenness or sharpness of vision

Question 12

complementary

Answer 12

The colors across from each other on the color circle

Question 13

afterimage

Answer 13

the visual sensation that occurs after the original stimulus has been removed

Question 14

cochlea

Answer 14

The fluid filled structure of the inner ear that transmit sound impulses to the auditory nerve

Question 15

auditory nerve

Answer 15

cranial nerve that carries sound from the cochlea of the inner ear to the brain

Question 16

conductive deafness

Answer 16

hearing loss caused by damage to the middle ear thus interfering with the transmission of soundwaves to the cochlea

Question 17

sensorineural deafness

Answer 17

deafness that results from damage to the auditory nerve

Question 18

olfactory nerve

Answer 18

The nerve that transmits information about odors from olfactory receptors to the brain

Question 19

gate theory

Answer 19

the suggestion that only a certain amount of information can be processed by the nervous system at a given time

Question 20

vestibular sense

Answer 20

The sense that provides information about the position of the body

Question 21

kinesthesis

Answer 21

The sense that provides information about the position and movement of individual body parts

Question 22

closure

Answer 22

The tendency to perceive a complete or whole figure even when there are gaps in sensory information

Question 23

proximity

Answer 23

The perceptual tendency to group together visual and auditory events that are near each other

Question 24

similarity

Answer 24

The perceptual tendency to group together elements that seem alike

Question 25

continuity

Answer 25

The perceptual tendency to group stimuli into continuous pattern

Question 26

common fate

Answer 26

The tendency to perceive objects that are moving together as belonging together

Question 27

Stroboscopic motion

Answer 27

A visual illusion in which the perception of motion is generated by the presentation of a series of stationary images in rapid succession

Question 28

monocular cues

Answer 28

cues for distance that may be available to either eye alone

Question 29

binocular cues

Answer 29

Visual cues for depth that require the use of both eyes

Question 30

retinal disparity

Answer 30

binocular cue for perceiving depth based on the difference between the two images of an object that the retina receives as the object moves closer or farther away

Question 31

what is absolute threshold

Answer 31

smallest amount of detectable stimuli

Question 32

what is difference threshold?

Answer 32

minimum detectable difference between two stimuli

Question 33

what is sensory adaptation? Give an example

Answer 33

becoming more sensitive to low stimuli and less sensitive to constant stimuli. pupil. Not hearing back about noises

Question 34

through which part of the eye does light enter?

Answer 34

pupil

Question 35

explain what happens to light after encounters the lens

Answer 35

it focuses light on the retina which contains photo receptors, then a nerve carries visual input to the brain

Question 36

what are two kinds of photo receptors and what does each do

Answer 36

Rods sense brightness. Cones = color vision.

Question 37

what is colorblindness

Answer 37

partially or totally unable to see color due to an absence of or malfunctioning cones

Question 38

what determines pitch and loudness

Answer 38

pitch depends on frequency or the number of cycles per second loudness depends on amplitude or height of waves

Question 39

how does the ear transmit sounds

Answer 39

Soundwaves strike ear drum, ear drum vibrates, sound move to three bones; hammer, anvil and stirrup, which vibrate and sound moves to inner ear which consists of the cochlea. Liquid in the cochlea moves and generates neuro impulses that are transmitted to the brain via auditory nerve

Question 40

what is the difference between conductive deafness and sensory neural deafness

Answer 40

conductive; damage to middle ear (age) | sensory neural; damaged inner ear (disease/loud sound)

Question 41

identify the three skin senses

Answer 41

pressure temperature and pain

Question 42

what are kinesthesis and vestibular sense

Answer 42

kinesthesis informs you about position or motion of body, vestibular sense tells whether you are upright without looking

Question 43

how does the rule of closure affect perception

Answer 43

it is the tendency to perceive a whole or closed figure even when there are gaps

Question 44

contrast monocular cues and binocular cues for depth

Answer 44

monocular; one eye, includes perspective clearness overlapping shadow and texture gradient binocular: two eyes, includes retinal disparity and convergence