Chapter 6

Question 0

a simple form of learning in which one stimulus elicits the response usually elicited by another stimulus

Answer 0

classical conditioning

Question 1

something that produces a reaction

Answer 1

stimulus

Question 2

a stimulus that causes a response that is automatic not learned

Answer 2

unconditioned stimulus

Question 3

an automatic response to a stimulus

Answer 3

unconditioned response

Question 4

a stimulus that causes a response that is learned

Answer 4

conditioned stimulus

Question 5

a learned response to a stimulus that was previously neutral

Answer 5

conditioned response

Question 6

occurs when the conditioned stimulus is disconnected from the unconditioned stimulus

Answer 6

extinction

Question 7

occurs when ppl respond in the same way to similar stimuli

Answer 7

generalization

Question 8

the act of responding differently to stimuli that are not similar

Answer 8

discrimination

Question 9

a method for reducing fears in which a person is continually exposed to that harmless stimulus until fear responses to that stimulus are extinguished

Answer 9

flooding

Question 10

a gradual method of reducing fears in which ppl are taught relaxation techniques

Answer 10

systematic desensitization

Question 11

a method of reducing fears by repeatedly pairing a pleasant stimulus with a fearful one

Answer 11

counter conditioning

Question 12

a form of learning based on the consequences of actions

Answer 12

operant conditioning

Question 13

the process by which a stimulus increases the chances that the preceding behavior will occur again

Answer 13

reinforcement

Question 14

reinforcers that increase the frequency of the behavior they follow when they are applied

Answer 14

positive

Question 15

reinforces that increase the frequency of the behavior they follow when they are removed

Answer 15

negative

Question 16

unwanted events that decrease the frequency of the behavior they follow when they are applied

Answer 16

punishment

Question 17

type of reinforcement in which a behavior is reinforced every time the behavior occurs

Answer 17

continuous

Question 18

type of reinforcement in which a behavior is not reinforced every single time it occurs

Answer 18

partial

Question 19

type of schedule in which a fixed amount of time elapses between reinforcements

Answer 19

fixed interval

Question 20

type of schedule in which varying amounts of time go by between reinforcements

Answer 20

variable interval

Question 21

type of schedule in which a reinforcement is provided after a fixed number of correct responses have been made

Answer 21

fixed ratio

Question 22

type of schedule in which reinforcement is provided after a variable number of correct responses have been made

Answer 22

variable ratio

Question 23

Learning that remains hidden until it is needed

Answer 23

latent learning

Question 24

Learning that is acquired through observing and imitating others

Answer 24

observational learning

Question 25

PQ4R method

Answer 25

Preview, question, read, reflect, recite, review