Chapter 4

Question 1

Democritus ( 460 BCE - 370 BCE)

Answer 1

Theory: atoms were enteral and could not be destroyed

Question 2

Who rejected Democritus theory

Answer 2

Aristotle and Plato

Question 3

Whose theory did Aristotle accept

Answer 3

Empedocles

Question 4

What did Aristotle add to Empedocles theory

Answer 4

The four core elements could be transformed into one another

Question 5

Evangelista Torricelli ( 1643)

Answer 5

Showed are had weight

Question 6

Daniel Bernoulli

Answer 6

Theory: air and other gasses consist of tiny particles that are to small to be seen and are loosely packed in an empty volume of space

Question 7

Joseph Priestly (1773)

Answer 7

Theory: substances could combine together or break apart to form new substances with different properties

Question 8

Antoine Lavoisier (1778)

Answer 8

Theory: conservation of mass

Names oxygen and hydrogen

Question 9

John Dalton (1803)

Answer 9

Theory: all matter is composed of atoms
All atoms of a given element are identical; atoms of different elements have different properties
Chemical reactions involve the combination of atoms
When elements react to form compounds,mother react in defined whole number ratios

Question 10

Robert Boyle (1660)

Answer 10

Definition of an element

Question 11

Joseph Provst ( late 1700’s)

Answer 11

Law of definite proportions

Question 12

J.J Thomson (1897)

Answer 12

• made a cathode ray tube
• found the electron
• said atom was like plum pudding

Question 13

Ernest Rutherford (1910)

Answer 13

• used radioactivity

Question 14

Alpha particles

Answer 14

Positively charged pieces given off by uranium

Question 15

Is an atom full or empty

Answer 15

Mostly empty

Question 16

Protons

Answer 16

In the nucleus

Postive charge

Question 17

Neutrons

Answer 17

In the nucleus neutral

Question 18

Electrons

Answer 18

Negative outside the nucleus

Question 19

Radiation

Answer 19

Comes from the nucleus

Question 20

Gamma y radiation

Answer 20

Pure radiation

Question 21

radiation protection

Answer 21

Shielding paper clothing lab coat gloves lead thick concrete
Limit exposure
Keep distance

Question 22

Atomic theory

Answer 22

Building blocks of elements
Similar aroma in each element
Different from atoms of other elements
Two or more different atoms bind in simple ratios to form compounds

Question 23

Atomic number

Answer 23

Counts the number of protons in an atom

Question 24

What charge is a atom

Answer 24

Neutral

Question 25

Mass number

Answer 25

Counts the number of protons spans neutrons in an atom

Question 26

Isotopes

Answer 26

Atoms with the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons

Question 27

Atomic mass

Answer 27

The weighted average mass of all atomic masses of the isotopes of that atom

Question 28

Rad

Answer 28

0.01 joule radiant energy/ kilogram of tissue

Question 29

What is the ability to cause harm given in,

Answer 29

Rem

Question 30

Rem

Answer 30

Rad * factor

Question 31

100 rem equal how many milli rem

Answer 31

1000

Question 32

What is the annual exposure per person in the United state

Answer 32

360 mrem

Question 33

Strong nuclear force

Answer 33

An attractive force that acts between all nucleus

Question 34

Proton to neutron ratios

Answer 34

Optimum 1 to 1 | Limit 1 to 1.4

Question 35

Transmutation

Answer 35

The changing of one element to another

Question 36

Radioactive half life

Answer 36

The time it takes for one half of a radioactive sample to decay

Question 37

Force

Answer 37

An interaction between two objects that pushes or pulls on them

Question 38

Electromagnetic force

Answer 38

Force of interactions between a proton and electron

Question 39

Radiation

Answer 39

Rays and particles emitted

Question 40

Nuclear reaction

Answer 40

A chance in an atoms nucleus

Question 41

Radioactivity decay

Answer 41

Unstable nuclei lose energy

Question 42

Alpha radiation

Answer 42

Defected toward the negative

Question 43

Alpha particle

Answer 43

Two protons two neutrons

Question 44

Beta particle

Answer 44

An electron with -1 charge

Question 45

Beta radiation

Answer 45

Deflected toward the positive

Question 46

Gamma Ray

Answer 46

High energy radiation

Question 47

Empedocles ( 492 BCE - 432 BCE)

Answer 47

- Proposed the first theory | - all matter was composed of four elements: fire air water and earth