Chapter 6

Question 1

How many elements were known by 1870

Answer 1

70

Question 2

What year did chemist agree on how to determine the atomic mass

Answer 2

1860

Question 3

John Newlands (1837-1898)

Answer 3

• proposed an organizational scheme for the element
• law of Octaves
• the law did not work for all the known elements

Question 4

Luther Meyer (1830-1895) Dmitri Medellev (1834-1907)

Answer 4

• Demonstrated a connection between atomic mass and element properties
• Mendeleev came up with the periods table
• the table was not completely correct

Question 5

Antione Lavoisier (1743-1794)

Answer 5

• Completed a list of all the elements

- Contained 33 elements

Question 6

Henry Moseley (1887-1915)

Answer 6

• Arranged the elements by atomic number

- period law

Question 7

Period Law

Answer 7

A periodic repetition of chemical and physical properties of the elements when they are arranged by increasing atomic number

Question 8

Groups

Answer 8

Columns

Question 9

Periods

Answer 9

• rows/families

- 7 periods

Question 10

Representative elements

Answer 10

Referred as the main groups 1,2,13,18

Question 11

Transition elements

Answer 11

groups 3-12

Question 12

Metals

Answer 12

• shiny when smooth and clean
• solid at room temp.
• conductors of heat and electricity
• malleable and ductile
• most representative elements and all transition

Question 13

Alkali metals

Answer 13

-Reactive and usually exist as compounds within other elements -group one except hydrogen

Question 14

Alkaline earth metals

Answer 14

• highly reactive

- group 2

Question 15

Inner transition metals

Answer 15

Type of group B

Question 16

Lanthanide series

Answer 16

Elements from period 6 that follow lanthanum

Question 17

Actinide series

Answer 17

-Elements from period 7 that follow actinium

Question 18

Lanthanide

Answer 18

• Extensively as as phosphors

- emit light when struck by electrons

Question 19

Non-elements

Answer 19

• generally gases or brittle, dull looking solids
• poor conductors
• liquid a room temp

Question 20

Halogens

Answer 20

• group 17
• highly reactive
• part of compounds

Question 21

Noble gasses

Answer 21

• Unreactive group 18

- used in lasers, variety of light bulbs, neon signs

Question 22

Metal loads

Answer 22

Have physical and chemical properties of both metals and non metals

Question 23

What does s block consists of

Answer 23

Groups 1-2 and helium

Question 24

What does the p block consist of?

Answer 24

13-18

Question 25

What does d block contain

Answer 25

Transition metals 3-12

Question 26

F block consists of

Answer 26

Inner transition metals ( off the chart)

Question 27

Atomic radii

Answer 27

- Increases as you go down a group - the storm because larger - Decreases as you go right

Question 28

Ion

Answer 28

An atom or bonded group of atoms that has a positive or negative charge

Question 29

What happens when an atom loses an electron

Answer 29

It has a positive charge and is smaller

Question 30

What happens to the ionic size as you moved down groups

Answer 30

Increase

Question 31

Ionization energy

Answer 31

- The energy required to remove an electron from a gaseous atom - indicates how strongly an atoms nucleus holds onto its valence electrons

Question 32

Octet rule

Answer 32

Atoms tend to gain, lose, or share of electrons in order to acquire a full set of 8 valence electrons

Question 33

Electronegativity

Answer 33

- Indicates the relative ability if it's atoms to attract electrons in a chemical bond - expressed in terms of numerical value of 3.98 or less - units are called Paulings

Question 34

Linus Pauling (1901-1994)

Answer 34

Came up with electronegativity unit name

Question 35

Elements

Answer 35

- pure substances that cannot be separated into different substances by ordinary processes - building blocks of matter - more than 112 know elements

Question 36

Physical properties

Answer 36

Characteristics of a substance that can be observed without changing the substance

Question 37

Groups of elements

Answer 37

- similar physical and chemical properties

Question 38

Representative groups

Answer 38

Group one- alkali metals Group 2- alkaline earth metals Group 7- halogens Group 8- noble gases

Question 39

Characteristic of electrons

Answer 39

- moving at extremely high speeds in a sphere | - have specific energy levels

Question 40

Quantum mechanics

Answer 40

Describes the arrangement and space occupied by electrons by electrons in atoms

Question 41

Atomic radius decrease as

Answer 41

You go left to right

Question 42

Atomic radius increase as you

Answer 42

Go down a group

Question 43

Electronegativity increase as

Answer 43

You go left to right

Question 44

Electronegativity decreases as you

Answer 44

Go down a group

Question 45

Ionization energy increase as

Answer 45

You go left to right

Question 46

Ionization energy decreases as

Answer 46

Go down a group

Question 47

Reactivity increases

Answer 47

As you go left to right

Question 48

Reactivity decrease

Answer 48

As you go down a group