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SON111AB-Physics > Chapter 4 > Flashcards

Chapter 4 Flashcards

(57 cards)

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1
Q

A-Mode

A

mode of operation in which the display presents echo amplitude versus depth

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2
Q

Amplification

A

the process by which small voltages are increased to larger ones

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3
Q

amplifier

A

a device that accomplished amplification

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4
Q

analog

A

related to a procedure or system in which data are represented by proportional, continuously variable, physical quantities

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5
Q

analog-to digital converter

A

a device that converts voltage amplitude to a number. ADC

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6
Q

B mode

A

mode of operation in which the display presents a spot of appropriate brightness for each echo received by the transducer

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7
Q

B scan

A

a B-mode image that presents an anatomic cross section through the scanning plane

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8
Q

bandpass filter

A

see other

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9
Q

beam former

A

the part of an instrument that accomplishes electronic bean scanning, apodization, steering, focusing, and aperture with arrays.

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10
Q

bistable

A

having two possible states

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11
Q

Bit

A

binary digit; one or zero

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12
Q

channel

A

a single one or two way path for transmitting electric signal, in distinction from other parallel paths

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13
Q

Cine loop

A

sequential display of all the frames stored in memory at a controllable frame rate

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14
Q

coded excitation

A

a sophisticated form of transmission in which the driving voltage pulses have intrapulse variations in amplitude, frequency, and or phase

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15
Q

compensation

A

equalization of received echo amplitude difference cause by different attenuations for different reflector depths

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16
Q

compression

A

reduction in difference between small and large amplitudes. region of high density and pressure in a compressional wave.

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17
Q

contrast resolution

A

ability of a gray scale display to distinguish between echoes of slightly different intensities

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18
Q

demodulation

A

detection

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19
Q

Depth gain compensation

A

see compensations. DGC

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20
Q

detection

A

conversion of voltage pulses from radio frequency to video form.

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21
Q

digital

A

related to a procedure or system in which data are presented by numeric digits

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22
Q

digital to analog converter

A

a device that converts a number to a proportional voltage amplitude

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23
Q

display

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A

a device that presents a visual image derived from voltages received from an image processor

24
Q

dynamic range

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A

ration of largest to smallest power that a system can handle, ration of the larges to smallest intensity of echoes encountered.

25
elastrography
imaging tissue stiffness by tracking movement under mechanical stress
26
flat-panel display
a back-lighted rectangular matrix of thousands of liquid crystal display elements.
27
frame
a single image produced by one complete scan of the sound beam
28
frame rate
number of frames of echo info stored each second
29
gain
ratio of amplifier output to input electric power
30
gray scale
range of brightnesses between black and white
31
image memory
the part of the image processor where echo info is stored in image format
32
image processor
an electronic device that manipulates and prepares image for visual presentation
33
lateral gain control
gain controls that enable different gain values to be applies laterally across an image to compensate for differing attenuation values in different anatomic regions
34
M mode
a B-mode presentation of changing reflector position versus time. (Motion)
35
panoramic imaging
the extension of the field of view beyond the normal limits of a transducer scan plane
36
persistence
averaging sequential frame together
37
PACS
the system provides means for electronically communicating image and associated info to work stations and devices external to the sonographic instrument, the examining room, and even the building in which the scanning is done.
38
pixel
picture element; the unit into which imaging info is divided for storage and display in a digital instrument
39
postprocessing
image processing done after storage in the memory
40
preprocessing
signal and image processing accomplished before storage in the memory
41
radio frequency
voltages representing echoes in cyclic form
42
real time
imaging with a rapid frame sequence display
43
real time display
a display that, which a sufficient frame rate, appears to image moving structures or a changing scan plane continuously.
44
refresh rate
the number of times each second that info is sent from the image memory to the display.
45
scan line
a line produced on a display that represents ultrasonic echoes returning from the body.
46
scanning
the sweeping of a sound beam through the anatomy to produce an image
47
shear wave
see transverse wave
48
signal
the physical representation of a message or info
49
signal processer
an electronic device that manipulates electric signal in preparation for appropriate presentation of info contained in them
50
spatial compounding
averaging of frames that view the anatomy from diff angles
51
strain
the increase or decrease of the length of segment of a material, subjected to a stress, divided by its original lengh
52
stress
a force per unit area applied to a material that compresses or stretches it
53
temporal resolution
ability to distinguish closely spaced events in time, improves with increased frame rate
54
TGC
equalization of echo amplitude differences caused by different attenuation for different reflector depths
55
volume imaging
3D imaging
56
young's modulus
a measure of the hardness of a material . is it the ration of applied stress to the resulting strain in a material subjected to the stress.
57
Freeze-rate
constant display of one of the frames in memory.

SON111AB-Physics (7 decks)

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