Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

HOSA- Medical Terminology 2016 > Chapter 4 > Flashcards

Chapter 4 Flashcards

(97 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

bi-

A

twice, double, two

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

-cele

A

hernia, tumor, swelling

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

fasci/o

A

fascia, fibrous brand

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

fibr/o

A

fibrous tissue, fibre

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

-ia (plural of ium)

A

abnormal condition or disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

kines/o or kinesi/o

A

movement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

my/o

A

muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

-plegia

A

paralysis, stroke

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

-rrhexis

A

rupture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

tax/o

A

coordination, order

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

ten/o
tend/o
tendin/o

A

tendon
stretch out
extend
strain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

ton/o

A

tone, stretching, tension

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

tri

A

three

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Fascia

A

is a band of connective tissue that
envelops, separates, or binds together muscles or groups
of muscles (plural, fasciae or fascias). Fascia is flexible to
allow muscle movements.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Tendon

A

is a narrow band of nonelastic, dense,
fibrous connective tissue that attaches a muscle to a
bone. Do not confuse tendons with ligaments, which
are bands of fibrous tissue that form joints by connecting
one bone to another bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Patellar tendon

A

attaches muscles to

the bottom of the patella

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Achilles tendon

A

attaches the gastrocnemius muscle (the major

muscle of the calf of the leg) to the heel bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Aponeurosis

A

a sheet-like fibrous connective tissue,
which resembles a flattened tendon that serves as a fascia
to bind muscles together or as a means of connecting
muscle to bone (plural, aponeuroses).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

skeletal muscle

A

are attached to the bones of
the skeleton and make body motions possiblealso known as voluntary muscles
because we have conscious (voluntary) control over
these muscles.
n Skeletal muscles are also known as striated muscles
because under a microscope, the dark and light bands
in the muscle fibers create a striped appearance.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

smooth muscle

A

are located in the walls of internal
organs such as the digestive tract, blood vessels, and
ducts leading from gland
Their function
is to move and control the flow of fluids through these
structures.
n Smooth muscles are also known as involuntary muscles
because they are under the control of the autonomic
nervous system and are not under voluntary
controSmooth muscles are also known as unstriated
muscles. This is because they do not have the dark
and light bands that produce the striped appearance
seen in striated muscles.
n Smooth muscles are also known as visceral muscles
because they are found in hollow structures such as
those of the digestive and urinary systems. Visceral
means relating to the internal organs. These muscles
are found in large internal organs, with the exception
of the heart

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Myocardial muscle

A

Myocardial muscle is like striated skeletal muscle in
appearance, but is similar to smooth muscle in that its
action is involuntary. It is the constant contraction and
relaxation of the myocardial muscle that causes the heartbeat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

muscle innervation

A

is the stimulation of
a muscle by an impulse transmitted by a motor nerve.
Motor nerves enable the brain to stimulate a muscle to contract.
When the stimulation stops, the muscle relaxes. This
information controls the body’s voluntary muscular contractions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

antagonistic

A

refers to working in opposition to each

othe

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

contraction

A

tightening of a muscleit becomes shorter and thicker,

causing the belly (center) of the muscle to enlarge

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
relaxation
occurs when a muscle returns to its original form. As the muscle relaxes, it becomes longer and thinner, and the belly is no longer enlarged.
26
Abduction
is the movement of a limb | (arm or leg) away from the midline of the body
27
Abductor
is a muscle that | moves a body part away from the midline.
28
Adduction
is the movement of a limb (arm or leg) toward the midline of the body
29
Adductor
is a muscle that | moves a body part toward the midline
30
Elevation
is the act of raising or lifting a body part. For example, the elevation of the levator anguli oris muscles of the face raises the corners of the mouth into a smile
31
Levator
muscle that raises a body part
32
Depression
act of lowering a body partThe depressor anguli oris, for example, lowers the corner of the mouth into a frown
33
Depressor
muscle that lowers a body part
34
Rotation
is a circular movement around an axis such as | the shoulder joint
35
Axis
is an imaginary line that runs lengthwise through the center of the body, and rotation turns a bone on its own axis
36
Circumduction
is the circular movement at the far end of a limb. An example of circumduction is the swinging motion of the far end of the arm
37
Rotator muscle
turns a body part on its axis. For example, the head of the humerus (HYUM-er-us), which is the bone of the upper arm, rotates within the shoulder joint.
38
Rotator cuff
is the group of muscles and their tendons that hold the head of the humerus securely in place as it rotates within the shoulder joint
39
Supination
is the act of rotating the arm or the leg so that the palm of the hand or sole of the foot is turned forward or upward. An easy way to remember this is to think of carrying a bowl of soup
40
Pronation
is the act of rotating the arm or leg so that the palm of the hand or sole of the foot is turned downward or backward
41
Dorsiflexion
is the movement that bends the foot upward at the ankle. Pointing the toes and foot upward decreases the angle between the top of the foot and the front of the leg
42
Plantar flexion
is the movement that bends the foot downward at the ankle. Plantar means pertaining to the sole of the foot. Pointing the toes and foot downward increases the angle between the top of the foot and the front of the leg
43
plantar
sole of foot
44
superficial muscles
located near the surface under skin
45
origin
is where the muscle begins, and it is located nearest the midline of the body or on a less movable part of the skeleton. The origin is the less moveable attachment.
46
Insertion
is where the muscle ends by attaching to a bone or tendon. In contrast to the origin, the insertion is the more movable attachment, and it is the farthest point from the midline of the body.
47
stern/o
breast bone
48
cleid/o
collar bone
49
mastoid muscle
The mastoid muscle inserts at one point of insertion into the mastoid process. (This is part of the temporal bone that is located just behind the ear).
50
carpi
wrist or wrist bones
51
pectoral
relating to chest
52
Lateralis
means toward the side. For example: the vastus lateralis (lat-er-AY-lis) is a muscle toward the outer side of the leg.
53
Medialis
means toward the midline. The vastus medialis (mee-dee-AY-lis) is a muscle toward the midline of the leg. These muscles are part of the quadriceps that flex and extend the leg at the knee.
54
oblique
means slanted or at an angle. As an example, the external oblique and internal oblique muscles have a slanted alignment.
55
rectus
means in straight alignment with the vertical axis of the body. As an example, the rectus abdominis and rectus femorus
56
sphincter
is a ring-like muscle that tightly constricts the opening of a passageway. A sphincter is named for the passage involved. As an example, the anal sphincter closes the anus.
57
transverse
means in a crosswise direction. An example is the transverse abdominis muscle in the abdomen, which has a crosswise alignment.
58
-ceps
head
59
deltoid muscle
located on the shoulder, is shaped like an inverted triangle, which is the Greek letter delta.
60
Hamstring group
located at the back of the upper leg, consists of three separate muscles: the biceps femoris, semitendinosus, and semimembranosus muscles. The primary functions of the hamstrings are knee flexion and hip extension
61
Frontalis
or occipitofrontalis, muscle | is in the forehead. It raises and lowers the eyebrows.
62
temporalis
muscle moves the | lower jaw up and back to close the mouth.
63
Masseter
muscle, which is one of the strongest in the body, moves the lower jaw up to close the mouth when chewing.
64
patella
kneecap
65
duct-
lead
66
-ion
action
67
flexion
means decreasing the angle | between two bones by bending a limb at a joint
68
flex-
bend
69
tens
stretch out
70
fibr/o
fibrous tissue
71
sarc/o
flesh
72
-penia
defficiency
73
ton
tone
74
atonic
lacking muscle tone or strength
75
dystonia
is a condition of abnormal muscle tone that causes the impairment of voluntary muscle movement
76
adhesion
is a band of fibrous tissue that holds structures together abnormally. Adhesions can form in muscles or in internal organs, as the result of an injury or surgery. The term frozen shoulder refers to adhesions forming in the capsule of connective tissue in the shoulder, tightening around the shoulder joint
77
atrophy
means weakness or wearing away of body tissues and structures. Atrophy of a muscle or muscles can be caused by pathology or by disuse of the muscle over a long period of time
78
tax
coordination
79
ataxia
is the lack of muscle coordination | during voluntary movemen
80
-cele
hernia
81
contracture
is the permanent tightening of fascia, muscles, tendons, ligaments, or skin that occurs when normally elastic connective tissues are replaced with nonelastic fibrous tissues. The most common causes of contractures are scarring or the lack of use due to immobilization or inactivity. 110 CHAPTER 4
82
=asthenia
weakness, lack of strength
83
spasm
involuntary contraction of one or more muscles
84
cramp
painful localized muscle spasms
85
clon
violent action
86
myoclonus
is the sudden, involuntary | jerking of a muscle or group of muscles
87
myasthenia gravis
is a chronic autoimmune disease that affects the neuromuscular junction (where the neuron activates muscle to contract) and produces serious weakness of voluntary muscles. Muscles that control eye movement, facial expression, chewing, talking, and swallowing are often affected by this condition.
88
condyle
to the round prominence at the end of | a bone
89
epicondylitis
is inflammation | of the tissues surrounding the elbow
90
ganglion cyst
is a harmless fluidfilled swelling that occurs most commonly on the outer surface of the wrist. This condition, which can be caused by repeated minor injuries, is usually painless and does not require treatment. (Do not confuse this use of the term ganglion here with the nerve ganglions described
91
sprain
injury to the joint
92
strain
is an injury to the body of the muscle or to the attachment of a tendon. Strains usually are associated with overuse injuries that involve a stretched or torn muscle or tendon attachment.
93
-paresis
partial or incomplete paralysis
94
-plegia
paralysis
95
Impingement syndrome
occurs when inflamed and swollen tendons are caught in the narrow space between the bones within the shoulder joint. A common sign of impingement syndrome is discomfort when raising your arm above your head.
96
hemiplegia
is total paralysis | affecting only one side of the bod
97
hemi-
half

HOSA- Medical Terminology 2016 (14 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions