Chapter 9 Flashcards

Question

ureters

Answer 1

are two narrow tubes, each about 10 to 12 inches long, which transport urine from the kidney to the bladder. Peristalsis, which is a series of wave-like contractions, moves urine down each ureter to the bladder. (Peristalsis is also part of the digestive process, as described in Chapter 8.) Urine drains from the ureters into the bladder through the ureteral orifices in the wall of the urinary bladder (Figure 9.1). Orifice means opening.

Answer 2

is the tube extending from | the bladder to the exterior of the body

Answer 3

external opening of a canal

Answer 4

also known as uremic poisoning, is a toxic condition resulting from renal failure in which kidney function is compromised and urea and other waste products normally secreted in the urine are retained in the blood

Answer 5

is excessive fluid accumulation in body tissues that can be symptomatic of nephrotic syndrome and other kidney diseases. This swelling can be in the area around the eyes, the abdomen, or the legs and feet.

Answer 6

means spasms of pain in the abdomen. Renal colic pain sometimes comes in waves due to the peristaltic movement of the ureters.

Answer 7

also known as calculus, is an abnormal mineral deposit that has formed within the body and is named for the organ or tissue where it is located (plural, calculi). These stones vary in size from small sand-like granules that pass through the body unnoticed to stones the size of marbles that can become lodged, causing acute pain.In the urinary system, stones form when waste products in the urine separate and crystallize (Figure 9.7). Normally urine contains chemicals to prevent this from happening; however, dehydration and other factors may also disrupt this balance

Answer 8

created by

Answer 9

is an increase in cell numbers typically associated with tumor growth; however, in this case, it is not caused by cancer or infection.

Answer 10

is a disorder resulting from the compression or obstruction of the urethra due to benign prostatic hyperplasia (prostat means prostate gland, and -ism means condition of). This can produce difficulties with urination and with urinary retention.

Answer 11

is the inability to | control the excretion of urine, feces, or both.

Answer 12

means increasing the output of urine,

Answer 13

is the involuntary discharge | of urine

Answer 14

is the inability to control the voiding of urine under physical stress such as running, lifting, sneezing, laughing, or coughing. This condition occurs much more often in women than in men.

Answer 15

is a procedure to remove waste products, such as urea, creatinine, as well as excess water from the blood of a patient whose kidneys no longer function (dia- means complete or through, and -lysis means separation). The two types of dialysis in common use are hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis. Patients can sometimes choose the type of long-term dialysis they prefer