Chapter 4

Question 1

How is a dermatome map used?

Answer 1

Doctors use it to diagnose the source of nerve pathologies

Question 2

List the 4 parts of a synovial joint:

Answer 2

Articular surface covered in hyaline cartilage, articular cavity, well-former capsule with surrounding ligaments, and a synovial membrane, which secrete synovial fluid

Question 3

What is the function of the dorsal nerve root

Answer 3

Provides sensory function

Question 4

What is the function of the ventral nerve root

Answer 4

Provides motor function

Question 5

Name the two regions of an intervertebral disc, and describe their functions:

Outer layer: _______
Inner later: ________

Answer 5

Outer layer: anulus fibrosis

Inner layer: nucleus pulposus

Question 6

What is the biomechanical function of the intervertebral disc?

Answer 6

It acts as a biological shock absorber and a pivot point for motion

Question 7

List, in order from superficial to deep, the meninges of the spinal cord:

Answer 7

Dura mater, arachnoid, pia mater

Question 8

_____ connect bone to bone

Answer 8

Ligaments

Question 9

The _____ ligament system holds system holds individual vertebrae together.

Answer 9

Intrasegmental

Question 10

The _____ ligament system holds system holds many vertebrae together.

Answer 10

Intersegmental

Question 11

____ _____ - connects the laminae of the vertebrae and protects the neural elements. The strongest of the spinal ligaments, it forms the posterior wall of the spinal canal

Answer 11

Ligamentum flavum

Question 12

____ ligaments - run from the base of one spinous process to another

Answer 12

Interspinous

Question 13

_____ ligament- runs along the posterior portion or distal tips of the spinous processes.

Answer 13

Supraspinous

Question 14

Spinal canal:

Answer 14

It contains the spinal cord and it’s coverings, and is channel created by the sum of the vertebral formina

Question 15

Spinal cord:

Answer 15

It is the inferior portion of the central nervous system, and is covered and protected by 3 concentric layers of menings

Question 16

Meninges

Answer 16

Membranes

Question 17

Sciatic nerve:

Answer 17

It exists in the sacrum through the sciatic foramen, and serves the leg flexor muscles. It supplies motor and sensory functions to the thigh, knee, calf, ankle, foot and toes.

Question 18

List the posterior, lateral and anger lateral muscles of the back:

Answer 18

Transverseospinalis - rotation of the spine

Erector spinae- maintain the spine erect and provide for spinal extension

Question 19

Typical total number in spine: cervical, thoracic and lumbar

Answer 19

Cervical-7
Thoracic- 12
Lumbar-5

Question 20

Location and structure of the cauda equine and conus medullaris:

Answer 20

Cauda equina: nerve roots in spinal canal, inferior to L2 / resembles horses tail in the dural sac

Conus medullaris: exists at end of spinal cord / conical structure at the end of the spinal cord

Question 21

Structure and function of the spinal nerve

Answer 21

Structure: nerve exiting from the spinal cord

Function: provides both sensory and motor functions

Question 22

Structure and function of the autonomic nervous system

Answer 22

Structure: comprised of systematic and parasystematic systems

Function: involuntary component of nervous system that controls the function of the internal organs

Question 23

List the 7 bony processes that are found protruding from the vertebral arch.

Answer 23

2 transverse processes
2 superior articular processes
2 inferior articular processes
1 spinous process