Anatomy Test 1

Question 1

Cancellous bone

Answer 1

Spongious bone, encased by cortical bone

Question 2

Osteogenic cells

Answer 2

Bone precursor cells that can become either osteoblasts or osteoclasts

Question 3

Osteocytes

Answer 3

Primary bone cells that keep bone alive

Question 4

Osteoclasts

Answer 4

Cell that Destroy bone

Question 5

Cortical bone

Answer 5

Dense, outer shell

Question 6

_____ surrounds all bone. This structure is rich in vascular supply. Progenitor cells reside in this tissue layer

Answer 6

Periosteum

Question 7

Bone is a biphasic material consisting of ____ and ____

Answer 7

Calcium phosphate and collagen

Question 8

Describe wolfs law

Answer 8

Use it or loss it

Question 9

When a bone fractures, a ______ _____ forms. This activity will be visible on a T2 MRI.

Answer 9

Blood clot

Question 10

A soft tissue ____ then forms, but cannot support weight.

Answer 10

Callus

Question 11

A ___ _____ then forms of the fracture has been immobilized.

Answer 11

Bony callus

Question 12

Finally, normal bone ______ occurs as the bone is able to sustain normal loads

Answer 12

Remodeling

Question 13

List the 4 things needed to maximize the healing of the bone

Answer 13

Restore anatomical relationships
Stabilize the fracture site
Preserve blood and nerve supply
Provide early and safe mobilization

Question 14

A clear contradiction for kyphoplasty is ______

Answer 14

Infection

Question 15

Osteoporosis

Answer 15

Skeletal disorder characterized by compromised bone strength predisposing to an increased risk of fracture

Question 16

Osteopenia

Answer 16

Disorder of low bone mass in which bone strength is compromised, but not yet severe

Question 17

How many bones in each section of the spine

Answer 17

Cervical-7
Thoracic-12
Lumbar-5
Sacrum-5
Coccyx-4

Question 18

Lumbar vertebra

Number of lumbar vertebrae:
Vertebral body shape:
Pedicle size:
Pedicle orientation:
Spinous process:
Vertebral foramen:

Answer 18

Number of lumbar vertebrae: 5
Vertebral body shape: bean
Pedicle size: thick
Pedicle orientation: lateral to medial
Spinous process: hatchet
Vertebral foramen: triangular

Question 19

Thoracic vertebrae:

Number of thoracic vertebrae:
Vertebral body shape:
Pedicle size:
Pedicle orientation:
Spinous process:
Vertebral foramen:

Answer 19

Number of thoracic vertebrae: 12
Vertebral body shape: heart
Pedicle size: thin
Pedicle orientation: sagitally-oriented
Spinous process: long
Vertebral foramen: round

Question 20

Name 2 rib joints

At which levels are there only one of these joints?

Answer 20

Costovertebral joint
Costotransverse joint

T11 and T12

Question 21

List components of the intervertebral disk

Answer 21

Nucleus pulposus

Annulus fibrosis

Question 22

Intervertebral disc

The endplates consist of _____ and ______.

Answer 22

Hyaline cartilage and cortical bone

Question 23

Name 2 ligaments and what they do:

Answer 23

Posterior longitudinal ligament- stabilizes flexion

Anterior longitudinal ligament- stabilizes extension

Question 24

Name the ligament that connects lamina to lamina

Answer 24

Ligamentum flava

Question 25

Lordosis

Answer 25

Excessive lumbar curvature, Swayback

Question 26

Kyphosis

Answer 26

Increase thoracic curvature over normal (Hunchback)

Question 27

Muscles Thoracic region:

Answer 27

Trapezius

Question 28

Muscles Lumbar region:

Answer 28

Latissimus dorsi

Question 29

Muscle that keeps spine extension

Answer 29

Erector spinae

Question 30

Muscle that supports posture

Answer 30

Transvereospinalis

Question 31

Name the pathway that an embolus would follow from a vertebral body into the lungs: Lumbar and thoracic

Answer 31

``` Basivertebral vein Internal Venus plexus Intervertebral vein Segmental vein Ascending lumbar vein Azygos Arch of azygos Superior vena cava Heart ``` Thoracic doesn't have lumbar

Question 32

Menings:

Answer 32

Dura mater Arachnoid Pia mater

Question 33

Deepest mening

Answer 33

Pia mater

Question 34

There are ___ spinal nerves

Answer 34

31 pairs

Question 35

Nerves:

Answer 35

Ventral Dorsal root ganglion Spinal nerve Dorsal root

Question 36

Costovertebral

Answer 36

12 (12 ribs that connect- vertebrae)

Question 37

Name the deep intrinsic back muscle that helps to keep the spine up right

Answer 37

Erector spinae

Question 38

Thoracic region

Answer 38

Trapezius

Question 39

Lumbar region

Answer 39

Latissimus Dorsi

Question 40

Name the deep intrinsic back muscle that helps to rotate the spine______.

Answer 40

Transversosponalis

Question 41

Is an extension of the Pia mater, located inferior to the spinal cord

Answer 41

Filum terminale

Question 42

Costotransverse

Answer 42

10 (exclude T11&T12)

Question 43

List the superficial muscle

Answer 43

Trapezius : thoracic | Latissimus dorsi : lumbar