Chapter 4

Question 1

4-1

An element, when we mean a single atom of that element it is called the _____ form of an element.

Answer 1

Microscopic

Question 2

The term element, we mean a sample of the element large enough to weigh on a balance. It is called the _____ form of an element,

Answer 2

Macroscopic

Question 3

4-1

Ex: The human body contains the element sodium or lithium (arsinic). This is a form of an element in a _____.

Answer 3

generic fashion

Question 4

4-2

The abbrivation terms given to chemical elements are called the _____.

Answer 4

element symbols

Question 5

4-2

The term for essintial chemical compounds and elements found within the body are _____.

Answer 5

Trace Elements

Question 6

4-3

The _____ ______ _____ _____ states that a given compound always contains elements in exactly the same proportion by mass.

Answer 6

law of constant composition

Question 7

4-3

This theory is called _____ _____ _____. It states that:

1. Elements are made of tiny particles called atoms.
2. All atoms of a given element are identical.
3. The atoms of a given element are different from those of any other element.
4. Atoms of one element can combine with atoms of other elements to form compounds. A given compound always has the same relative numbers and types of atoms.
5. Atoms are indivisible in chemical processes. That is, atoms are not created or destroyed in chemical reactions. A chemical reaction simply changes the way the atoms are grouped together.

Answer 7

Dalton’s Atomic Theory

Question 8

4-4

A _____ is a substance with constant composition that can be broken down into elements by chemical processes.

Answer 8

compound

Question 9

4-4

In Dalton’s Atomic Theory, in the context that water always contains two hydrogen atoms for each oxygen atom, the term relative refers to _____.

Answer 9

ratios

Question 10

4-4

A _____ is:

A representation of a molecule in which the symbols for the elements are used to indicate the types of atoms present and subscripts are used to show the relative number of atoms

Answer 10

chemical formula

Question 11

4-4

In a chemical formula, the atoms are indicated by the ______ symbols.

Answer 11

element

Question 12

4-4

In the chemical formula, the number of each type of atom is represented by the ______.

Answer 12

Subscript

Question 13

4-4

The types of atoms and the number of each type in each unit (molecule) of a given compound are conveniently expressed by a _____.

Answer 13

chemical formula

Question 14

Just try to remember this one.

Answer 14

Yup - Need to work on this one.

Question 15

4-5

In this ataom model, what is number 1 called?

Answer 15

electron

Question 16

4-5

In this atom model, what is number 2 called?

Answer 16

nucleus

Question 17

4-5

In this atom model, what is number 3 called?

Answer 17

neutron

Question 18

4-5

In this atom model, what is number 4 called?

Answer 18

proton

Question 19

4-5

A/an _____ is a type of particle. It is found within the space around the nucleus of an atom. It is negativly charged.

Answer 19

electron

Question 20

4-5

The _____ is the center of an atom. It is made up of nucleons (protons and neutrons) and is surrounded by the electron cloud.

Answer 20

nucleus

Question 21

A _____ is a type of particle. It is found in an automic nucleas. It is positivly charged.

Answer 21

Proton

Question 22

4-5

_____ _____ consist of two protons and two neutrons bound together into a particle identical to a helium nucleus.

Answer 22

alpha particles

Question 23

4-6

_____ are:

Any of two or more forms of a chemical element, having the samenumber of protons in the nucleus, or the same atomic number, buthaving different numbers of neutrons in the nucleus, or differentatomic weight.

Answer 23

isotopes

Question 24

What is the Isotope Notation?

Answer 24

View image.

Question 25

4-6 What is the mass number formula?

Answer 25

A = Z + number of neutrons

Question 26

4-6 What is the formula to find the number of neutrons?

Answer 26

Question 27

4-7 The _____ table is a chart with catorgized chart with all elements. There are groups for elements with specific chemical properties, typically within colomns.

Answer 27

periodic table

Question 28

4-7 This is known as the ______ number?

Answer 28

mass number

Question 29

4-7 This is known as the ______ number?

Answer 29

automic number

Question 30

4-7 This is known as the ______ number?

Answer 30

charge number

Question 31

4-8 This is known as the _____ \_\_\_\_\_?

Answer 31

element symbol

Question 32

4-8 In the periodic table, Group 1 is known as _____ \_\_\_\_\_.

Answer 32

alkali metals

Question 33

4-8 In the periodic table, Group 2 is known as _____ \_\_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_\_.

Answer 33

alkaline earth metals

Question 34

4-8 **These are properties of _____ \_\_\_\_\_?** * Poor conductors of heat and electricity * Brittle - if a solid * Nonductile * Do not possess metallic luster * Transparent as a thin sheet * Solids, liquids or gases at room temperature Source: [Here](http://www.dummies.com/education/science/chemistry/the-periodic-table-metals-nonmetals-and-metalloids/).

Answer 34

transition metals

Question 35

4-8 **These are properties of _____ \_\_\_\_\_?** * they’re solid at room temperature (with the exception of mercury, Hg, a liquid) * shiny * good conductors of electricity and heat * ductile (they can be drawn into thin wires) * malleable (they can be easily hammered into very thin sheets). * All these metals tend to lose electrons easily” Excerpt From: John T. Moore. “Chemistry Essentials For Dummies.” iBooks. https://itun.es/us/ECJAx.l

Answer 35

metals

Question 36

4-8 **These are properties of _____ \_\_\_\_\_?** * brittle * not malleable or ductile * poor conductors of both heat and electricity * They tend to gain electrons in chemical reactions. * Some nonmetals are liquids at room temperature Excerpt From: John T. Moore. “Chemistry Essentials For Dummies.” iBooks. https://itun.es/us/ECJAx.l

Answer 36

nonmetals

Question 37

4-8 **These are properties of _____ ?** * These properties are somewhat of a cross between metals and nonmetals * They tend to be economically important because of their unique conductivity properties (they only partially conduct electricity), which make them valuable in the semiconductor and computer chip industry. ​ Excerpt From: John T. Moore. “Chemistry Essentials For Dummies.” iBooks. https://itun.es/us/ECJAx.l

Answer 37

metalloids

Question 38

4-9 **These are properties of _____ \_\_\_\_\_?** * they are relatively unreactive

Answer 38

noble metals

Question 39

4-9 **These are properties of _____ \_\_\_\_\_?** * these elements do not combine readily with those of other elements

Answer 39

nobal gasses

Question 40

4-9 A molecule composed of two atoms is called a _____ \_\_\_\_\_.

Answer 40

diatomic molecules

Question 41

4-9 Different forms of a given element are called \_\_\_\_\_.

Answer 41

allotropic

Question 42

4-10 A balance of protons and neutrons in an atom creates a neutral enity, it has a _____ \_\_\_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_\_\_.

Answer 42

zero net charge

Question 43

4-10 An _____ is an atom or a group of atoms that has a net positive or negative charge

Answer 43

ion

Question 44

4-10 When an ion is gained. An ion with a negative charge is formed. \_\_\_\_\_

Answer 44

anion

Question 45

4-10 When an ion is lost. An ion with a postive charge is formed.

Answer 45

cation

Question 46

4-10 In group 1, what type of ion (cation/anion) is formed and what number is it's charge?

Answer 46

cation, 1

Question 47

4-10 In group 2, what type of ion (cation/anion) is formed and what number is it's charge?

Answer 47

cation, 2

Question 48

4-10 In group 3, what type of ion (cation/anion) is formed and what number is it's charge?

Answer 48

cation, 3

Question 49

4-10 In group 6, what type of ion (cation/anion) is formed and what number is it's charge?

Answer 49

anion, -2

Question 50

4-10 In group 7, what type of ion (cation/anion) is formed and what number is it's charge?

Answer 50

anion, 1

Question 51

In chemistry, a formula is used to represent

Answer 51

a compound

Question 52

**t/f** The elemental composition of compounds is represented in whole number ratios.

Answer 52

true

Question 53

**T/F** All atoms of a given element are identical.​

Answer 53

false

Question 54

Molecules are ​comprised of _____ atoms of the same or different elements bonded together in a single unit

Answer 54

two or more

Question 55

**T/F** Ionic compounds are comprised of many atoms together in extended arrays

Answer 55

true

Question 56

​The chemical formula for ionic compounds indicates the _____ of atoms present in the substance.

Answer 56

smallest whole number ratio

Question 57

**Which of the following statements is/are true?** I. John Dalton provided the first experimental support for the atom. II. Ernest Rutherford proved the existence of a nucleus by shooting positively charged particles at a thin gold-foil sheet. III. J. J. Thompson proved that electrons travel in elliptical orbits around the nucleus. IV. Energy in an atom is quantized, so when electrons fall to their ground state, white light can be observed.

Answer 57

A

Question 58

All atoms of a given element are identical.​

Answer 58

False