Chapter 4. Flashcards
(73 cards)
Bacteria
Bacteria - simple, single-celled organisms, DNA not enclosed, Prokaryotic, peptidoglycan cell wall, binary fission (split into 2 equal parts), contain flagella
Distinguish a genus from a specific epithet.
a genus: Capitalized and
a specific epithet (species): not capitalized
Archaea
prokaryotic, peptidoglycan cell wall, found in extreme environments; pathogenic in humans
Fungi
Eukaryotic, nucleus containing DNA, uni/multi cellular, photosynthesis, chitin cell wall, sexually or asexual repoduction
Protozoa
nicellular, eukaryotic, move using pseudopods, flagella or cilia, photosynthesis, sexual/asexual reproduction
Algae
eukaryotic, photosynthetic, unicellular, cellulose cell wall.
Viruses
acellular, simple, one type of nucleic acid, must have host to survive.
Multicellular Animal Parasites/Helminths
eukaryotic, (flat/round worms)
Which groups of microbes are prokaryotes?
Bacteria and archaea
Which are eukaryotes?
Algae, Fungi, Protozoa
What are the three domains?
Bacteria, Archaea, Eukarya
Explain the importance of observations made by Hooke and van Leeuwenhoek.
He discovered life’s smallest structural units called ‘cells’; discovered live microorganisms
What is the cell theory?
all living things are composed of cells
Compare spontaneous generation and biogenesi
Belief that some forms of life could arise spontaneously from nonliving matter;
What evidence supported spontaneous generation?
Redi’s experiment with one covered and one uncovered meat jar producing maggots proved that this could not occur spontaneously
Identify the contributions to microbiology made by Needham,
1
Compare and contrast the overall cell structure of prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
Compare: both contain nucleic acids, proteins, lipids, and carbs; same chemical reactions to metabolize food, build proteins, and store energy.
Contrast: structure of cell walls and membrane, and absence of organelles
What is the main feature that distinguishes prokaryotes from eukaryotes?
Prokaryotes: DNA not enclosed, singular arranged chromosomes, DNA not associated with histones, lack membrane-enclosed organelles, cell wall contain polysaccharide peptidoglycan, divide by binary fission
Eukaryotes: DNA in nucleus, muti chromosomal, histones, membrane-enclosed organelles, cell wall simple, mitosis
Identify the three basic shapes of bacteria.
coccus- round, bacillus- rod shaped, spiral- spiral
How would you be able to identify streptococci through a microscope?
strepto- chains, cocci- round
Describe the structure and function of the glycocalyx.
sugar coat surrounding a cell. made of viscous (sticky), gelatinous polymer that is externa to the cell wall. composed of polysaccharide, polypeptide, or both.
- organized and firmly attached to cell wall: capsule
- unorganized and loosely attached: slime layer
Why are bacterial capsules medically important?
they protect the cell from phagocytosis by the cells of the host. this is bad because it makes the bacteria able to cause disease in the host
Differentiate flagella, axial filaments, fimbriae, and pili.
Flagella: prokaryotic cells; long filamentous appendages that propel bacteria
Axial filaments: found on spirochetes; bundles of fibrils that arise at the ends of the cell beneath an outer sheath and spiral around the cell/spiral motion
Fimbriae: involved in forming biofilms; help bacteria adhere to epithelial surfaces
Pili: motility and DNA transfer (conjugation)
How do bacteria move?
Flagella, Axial filaments, fimbriae, and pili