Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Chemistry R120 > Chapter 4 > Flashcards

Chapter 4 Flashcards

(62 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

What is an aqueous solution?

A

water is the solvent in the solution

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is a solution?

A

homogenous mixture of 2 or more substances

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is a solvent?

A

the substance that is present in the greatest amount in the solution

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is a solute?

A

all other substances in the solution that is dissolved by the solvent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is an electrolyte?

A

substance that dissociates into ions when dissolved in water (solvent)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is a non electrolyte?

A

substance that does NOT dissociate into ions when dissolved in water (solvent)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is dissociation?

A

where water surrounds the separated ions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is solvation?

A

when water molecules are solvating the ions to help stabilize them in solution and prevent them from recombining

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is a strong electrolyte?

A

one that dissociates COMPLETELY when dissolved in water (ie:NaCl)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is a weak electrolyte?

A

one that dissociates PARTIALLY when dissolved in water (ie: acetic acid)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is a precipitation reaction?

A

when 2 solutions containing soluble salts are mixed and produces a water-insoluble salt

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is a precipitation reaction also called?

A

“salting out”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is a precipitate?

A

insoluble solid formed by a reaction in solution

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is solubility of a substance at a given temperature?

A

the amount of substance that can be dissolved in a given quantity of solvent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is metathesis?

A

to transpose (exchange) the ions in the reactants compounds with each other

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is a metathesis reaction also called?

A

double replacement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are the 6 ions that soluble ionic compounds must contain?

A

NO3- | CH3COO- | Cl- | Br- | I- | (SO4)2-

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

When are Cl-, Br-, and I- not soluble? When paired with which 3 cations?

A

Ag+ | Pb2+ | Hg2+

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

When is (SO4)2- not soluble? When paired with which 4 cations?

A

Sr2+ | Ba2+ | Hg2+ Pb2+

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What are the 4 aniona that insoluble compounds contain?

A

S2- | OH- | (CO3)2- | (PO4)3-

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

When are S2- and OH- soluble? When paired with which 4 cations and which group?

A

NH4+ | Ca2+ | Ba2+ | Sr2+ | Group 1A cations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

When are (CO3)2- and (PO4)3- soluble? When paired with which cation and which group?

A

NH4+ | Group 1A

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What are the 3 ways to write a metathesis reaction?

A

molecular euqation | complete ionic equation | net ionic equation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What are the 3 steps to predicting whether or not a precipitate will form when electrolytes mix?

A

1) note the ions present | 2) consider the possible ionic combinations | 3) refer to the solubility guidelines

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
What is a molecular equation?
showing the complete chemical formulas of reactants and products
26
What is a complete ionic equation?
all soluble strong electrolytes shown as ions
27
What is a net ionic equation?
shows only the ions molecules directly involved in the reaction after spectator ions are cancelled
28
What is an Arrhenius acid?
substances that increase the H+ concentration when dissolved in water
29
What is an Arrhenius base?
substances that increase the OH- concentration when dissolved in water
30
What is a Bronsted-Lowry acid?
proton DONORS
31
What is a Bronsted-Lowry base?
proton ACCEPTORS
32
What are mono-protic acids?
yields only 1 H+ per acid molecule
33
What are diprotic acids?
yields 2 H+ per acid molecule
34
What are the 7 strong acids?
HCl | HBr | HI | HNO3 | H2SO4 | HClO3 | HClO4
35
What are the 3 strong bases and which group can strong bases come from?
Ca(OH)2 | Ba(OH)2 | Sr(OH)2 | Group 1A hydroxides
36
What is a neutralization reaction?
reactions between an acid and a metal hydroxide produce a salt (ionic compound)
37
What are RedOx reactions?
electrons transferred from one reactant to another
38
What is oxidation? OIL
Loss of electrons
39
What is reduction? RIG
Gain of electrons
40
What are oxidation numbers?
oxidation states
41
What oxidation numbers do atoms in their elemental form have (ie: H2)?
always 0 (neutral state)
42
What oxidation numbers do monoatomic ions have (ie: Na+)?
its ionic charge (Na+ = +1)
43
What oxidation number do nonmetals have?
usually negative, based on their valence electrons
44
What oxidation number does oxygen have?
usually -2 | in peroxides = -1
45
What oxidation number does hydrogen have?
usuallt +1 | bonded to metals = -1
46
What oxidation number does fluorine have?
always -1
47
What oxidation number do all other halogens have?
usually -1 | in oxyanions can be (+)
48
What does the sum of oxidation numbers in a neutral compound must be?
0
49
What does the sum of oxidation numbers in a polyatomic ion must be?
the charge of the ion
50
What are displacement reactions?
ions oxidize an element, the ion in solution is being replaced (one is oxidized, other is reduced)
51
What is a displacement reaction also called?
single displacement reaction
52
What is teh activity series?
list of metals arranged from most easily oxidized to least
53
What are active metals? Which groups are most reactive?
metals that react readily to form compounds | Group 1A and 2A metals
54
What are noble metals? Which groups are noble metals?
very stable metals used to make jewelry and coins | Group 8B and 1B
55
What is concentration?
amoubnt of solute dissolved in a given quantity of solvent or solution
56
What is the equation for Molarity (M)?
moles of solute / L solution
57
What are dilutions?
process where the concentrations of gaseous solutions are lowered by adding water into the solution
58
What can the molarity of the diluted solution be determined by?
McVc = MdVd
59
What is titration?
analytical technique in which one can calculate the concentration of a solute in a solution
60
What is a standard solution?
solution of a known concentration
61
What is a standard solution used for?
to determine the unknown concentration of another solution
62
What is the equivalence point?
point at which stoichiometrically equivalent quantities are achieved and the reaction is complete

Chemistry R120 (18 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions